Social Responsibilities :: essays research papers fc

Social Responsibilities 1.Health Aspecta.Find better slipway to cut down on fat and caloriesIs Starbucks adding to the growing weight problem with Ameri give the gate society? You be the judge. I personally was shocked at the nutritional facts on their products (Figure 1). Some fast food places offer healthier products than some of the Starbucks products (Figure 2). The nutritional facts circled in red in figure 1 and figure 2 shows that one cup of Starbucks Pumpkin Spice Crme with whip is less nutritional than an entire meal at McDonalds. Imagine what the nutritional facts would tone the like if you included a Classic Coffee Cake with your coffee beverage (Figure 1.2)The Starbucks nutritional values listed below are not completely accurate as shown in the following statement The nutrition information for beverages is based on Starbucks standardized beverage recipes. Because each of our beverages is handcrafted and may be customized, some variation can be expected. The data is ca lculated using ESHA Researchs Genesis R&D software. All data is rounded to meet current unify States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) packaged foods labeling regulations.Works cited (http//www.starbucks.com/retail/nutrition_info.asp)This means that depending on your taste, the fat content and calories could be more than what is shown in the chart.Figure 1 Starbucks Nutritional Facts (Beverages)(http//www.starbucks.com/retail/nutrition_info.asp)Figure 1.2 Starbucks Nutritional Facts (Food Items)(http//www.starbucks.com/retail/nutrition_freshfood_detail.asp)Figure 2 McDonalds Nutritional Facts(http//app.mcdonalds.com/bagamcmeal)What is Starbucks planning to do to lower fat and calories in their products? Starbucks is offering non-fat draw and soy to help trim down the fat and calories. The alternative ingredients do alter the flavor a bit, so it may not be the weft of most customers. b.Advertise to public about fat content of their productsIt seems like Starbucks doesnt want t he general public to really know how bad the nutritional facts are right up front in their stores. If you walk into a Starbucks store you see mostly pictures of some of their least nutritional coffee beverages because they look the most appetizing. I think if more people knew how bad Starbucks products were they would see a significant reduction in revenue. This would be especially true with todays low carb, low fat health trends.Starbucks does however provide a nice nutritional facts chart on their website, but who is looking at the website while ordering anyway? So as far as I can tell Starbucks plans on feeding Americas attractive tooth and will continue to fatten them up.

Joshua Gaugler Essay -- essays research papers

The Concert of a LifetimeThe concert has begun after a fifteen minute delay caused from the powder ascorbic acid that started early on in the day and continued through the evening. There I stood up in front of the small crowd on this snowy Sunday evening. I glanced out upon the crowd as the piano picked up speed and intensity. I knew that I was about to strike that F chord in a few measures. I quickly removed the moisture from my fingers with the cloth I brought with me. The band had a special meeting planned after we contend the music for our churchs Thanksgiving Supper. We showed up to the church on a cold Saturday morning, making our way to the auditorium. We began to discuss the plans, ideas, or even the thoughts that we had for what we should do next. Dan, the first to talk whatever the occasion, said, I think we should work on writing our own songs. That idea was quickly reviewed and considered to be an option. I thought a little bit harder about what to do and suddenly it came to me. We should have a Christmas concert. We can all pick out our favorite Christmas songs and perform them. Now this was a first class idea. Now the band had an idea, we had the backbone for our future, but we were still missing our guitar player whose absence haunted us for the fourth week straight. We had to beget regardless of the scenario, and we began picking out songs, one by one. The most obvious ch...

Essay examples --

The word challenging behavior can evoke feelings of frustration, anger, hostility or sense of helplessness in any parent, teacher or caregiver of a young child with behavioral challenges. Education.com (2006 - 2012) defines this term as behavior that may impede with a childs office to learn, develop or play in a manner that is socially acceptable. They further define challenging behavior as behavior that could be potentially harmful to the child or others. This type of behavior in a young child, predisposes that child to social problems and academic failure (Klass, Guskin, and Thomas, 1995 Ritchie and Pohl, 1995). Marion (2011) defines challenging behavior as a stimulus that a child reacts poorly to, that in turn challenges the childs parents or teachers to guide them in a positive manner. menses research indicates that children who have significant challenging behavior will have problems in school. They have issues with social skills, aroused control and language developmen t. These insufficiencies contribute to the drop of skills to succeed in basic academic tasks such as reading (Coi, 1996). Traits that are often attributed to children who exhibit these traits are hyperactivity, inattentiveness and disruptive. Teachers are twice as likely to overlook them, ask them fewer questions and be low in positive responsiveness (Webster-Stratton & Herbert, 1994 Shonkoff and Phillips, 2000). Children with behavioral challenges face far greater difficulties with social and emotional development. Other children will tease and ridicule them, or reject them entirely. These experiences bruise a childs self-esteem and confidence, they are left feeling down(p) and isolated. Once a child accepts rejection, they fight or ... ...s, to difficulties in conflict resolution to academic success. Parents play a pivotal role in commandment their young children how to appropriately behave or react to a certain stimuli. Positive adult-child interactions such as respe ct, providing an environment that is not rushed, using calm tones and evaluate differences go a long way in changing or guiding a childs behavior (Marion, 2011). For some children how to react to a certain situation in a positive manner is innate. However, other children need to be taught the skills to productively and successfully navigate conflicts that might arise. This can be achieved through a Direct Model Plan, a PBIS or a Behavior Matrix (Carter & Pool, 2012) The goal of challenging behaviors is to prevent those behaviors from rising, by providing children with the skills to navigate successfully through difficult situations.

Human Rights :: Human Rights Essays

This is a 3 page paper that describes evaluates and recommends the charitable right candidate of application in real life.INTRODUCTIONAs laid down by the United Nations there are 30 articles pertaining to the definition of Human honorables. concord to these articles it contains gentlemans gentleman rights to be considered innocent until proven guilty, and the right of freedom from discrimination and the right of free and fair trial. RESPECT FOR FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTSGlobally speech the world has faced a lot of charitable discrimination collectively in the past year, and this human rights violation is still going on. All human beings, whatever their cultural or historical background, suffer when they are intimidated, imprisoned or tortured. The question of human rights is so fundamentally important that there should be no difference of views on this. We must therefore insist on a global consensus not only on the need to respect human rights world wide but more importantly on the definition of these rights.(1).The tragedy of September 11 is a major human rights violation, but it doesnt end here. The repercussions have lead into more human rights degrading. The supposedly guilty terrorists held in Guatemala Bay are a living proof of serious human rights violation. With treatment meted out like animals to them they are being kept in cages in open view all the time. Where is one wonders the U.N. rights article number 11- Right to be considered innocent until proven Guilty? It is also clearly sayd in the U.N. Charters of War and Crime that all arrests made in a state of war will be treated as Prisoners of War. And such prisoners have basic fundamental rights which are not being followed on these prisoners. To date there are innocent Saudis, Pakistani nationals and even French confined in these cages and whose governments are demanding their release. Since it is guarded severely in Cuba there are no exclusive pictures and footage to view for an audience ho wever snaps and eye-witness accounts of Red Cross workers and Human Rights groups is available. We need to think in global terms because the effects of one nations actions are matt-up far beyond its borders. The acceptance of universally binding standards of Human Rights as laid down in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in the internationalistic Covenants of Human Rights is essential in todays shrinking world. Respect for fundamental human rights should not remain an ideal to be achieved but a requisite nucleotide for every human society.

Famine Relief Essay -- Article Analysis

In response to the recent failure of the international community to nix the famine crisis in the Horn of Africa since July 2011, Suzanne Dvorak the chief executive of Save the Children wrote that, We need to provide help now. But we cannot forget that these children are wasting away in a disaster that we could - and should - have prevented she added, The UN estimates that every $1 spent in prevention saves $7 in emergency spending. (Dvorak, 2011). Many people who read much(prenominal) statement wonder about our obligation towards famine relief, and ask, whether we are morally obliged to spend one dollar in order to prevent such a crisis or not. Forty years ago, Peter utterer answered this question in his article Famine, Affluence, and Morality Singer suggested, we should prevent bad occurrences unless, to do so, we had to cave in something morally significant (C&M, 827). However, different philosophers and writers have criticized his view and the general idea to h elp the poor. In this paper, I will argue against two articles which were written against Singers view, and against helping the poor countries in general. I will argue against John Arthurs article Famine Relief and the Ideal Moral enactment (1974 ) ,and Garrett Hardins article Lifeboat Ethics the parapraxis Against component the Poor ( 1976) I will show that both articles are exaggerating the negative consequences of aiding the poor, as well as building them on false assumptions. Both Arthur and Hardin are promoting the self-interest without considering the rights of others, and without considering that giving for famine relief means giving life to many children.A Case against John Arthur In the article Famine Relief and the Ideal Moral Cod... ...Friedman, U. (2011, July 19). What It took for the U.N to declare famine in Somalia. Retrieved from http//www.theatlanticwire.com/global/2011/07/what-it-took-un-declare-famine-somalia/40152/Hardin, G. (1974, September ). Lif eboat Ethics the Case Against Helping the Poor. Retrieved fromhttp//www.garretthardinsociety.org/articles/art_lifeboat_ethics_case_against_helping_poor.html Montgomery, K. (n.d.). The Demographic Transition. Retrieved on August 4, 2011 from http//www.marathon.uwc.edu/geography/demotrans/demtran.htm.White, J. (2009). Contemporary Moral Problems pp360. Retrieved from http//books.google.com/books?id=dcK6-h1ngtcC&pg=PA357&dq=Consumption+,+global+warming+and+famine&hl=en&ei=diw7TsOyGoSisQLK_N35Dw&sa=X&oi=book_ moment&ct=result&resnum=3&sqi=2&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAgv=onepage&q=Consumption%20%2C%20global%20warming%20and%20famine&f=false.

Famine Relief Essay -- Article Analysis

In response to the recent failure of the international community to hold back the famine crisis in the Horn of Africa since July 2011, Suzanne Dvorak the chief executive of Save the Children wrote that, We need to provide help now. But we cannot forget that these children are wasting away in a disaster that we could - and should - have prevented she added, The UN estimates that every $1 spent in prevention saves $7 in emergency spending. (Dvorak, 2011). Many people who read much(prenominal)(prenominal) statement wonder about our obligation towards famine relief, and ask, whether we are morally obliged to spend one dollar in order to prevent such a crisis or not. Forty years ago, Peter singer answered this question in his article Famine, Affluence, and Morality Singer suggested, we should prevent bad occurrences unless, to do so, we had to collapse something morally significant (C&M, 827). However, different philosophers and writers have criticized his view and the g eneral idea to help the poor. In this paper, I will argue against two articles which were written against Singers view, and against helping the poor countries in general. I will argue against John Arthurs article Famine Relief and the Ideal Moral work out (1974 ) ,and Garrett Hardins article Lifeboat Ethics the effect Against part the Poor ( 1976) I will show that both articles are exaggerating the negative consequences of aiding the poor, as well as building them on false assumptions. Both Arthur and Hardin are promoting the self-interest without considering the rights of others, and without considering that giving for famine relief means giving life to many children.A Case against John Arthur In the article Famine Relief and the Ideal Moral Cod... ...Friedman, U. (2011, July 19). What It took for the U.N to declare famine in Somalia. Retrieved from http//www.theatlanticwire.com/global/2011/07/what-it-took-un-declare-famine-somalia/40152/Hardin, G. (1974, September ). Lifeboat Ethics the Case Against Helping the Poor. Retrieved fromhttp//www.garretthardinsociety.org/articles/art_lifeboat_ethics_case_against_helping_poor.html Montgomery, K. (n.d.). The Demographic Transition. Retrieved on August 4, 2011 from http//www.marathon.uwc.edu/geography/demotrans/demtran.htm.White, J. (2009). Contemporary Moral Problems pp360. Retrieved from http//books.google.com/books?id=dcK6-h1ngtcC&pg=PA357&dq=Consumption+,+global+warming+and+famine&hl=en&ei=diw7TsOyGoSisQLK_N35Dw&sa=X&oi=book_ go out&ct=result&resnum=3&sqi=2&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAgv=onepage&q=Consumption%20%2C%20global%20warming%20and%20famine&f=false.

Oral Diseases During Pregnancy Health And Social Care Essay

motherhood is a delicate status affecting complex corporeal and physiological alterations. Pregnancy constitutes a particular physiological province characterized by a series of impermanent adaptative alterations in organic structure construction, as the consequence of an maturationd production of oestrogens, Lipo-Lutin, gonadotrophins, and relaxin, among other endocrines. The unwritten pit is excessively affected by such(prenominal) endocrinal actions, and may show both transient and irreversible alterations each bit good as alterations that atomic number 18 considered pathological 1 . big(predicate) bounteous feminines are peculiarly susceptible to gingival and issueontic disease. In this context, different unwritten lesions are reported to be common during gestation. In consequence, an increased prevalence of dental changes excessively has been documented, including peculiarly cavities and erodings 2 . The biochemical and hormonal alterations of gestation enhance the endangerment. Since the old married womans narrative of the loss of a tooth for every(prenominal) gestation, unwritten wellness during gestation has long been a focal point of involvement 3 .Vergnes and Sixou 4 , in their systematic, a meta-analytic re estimate of 17 articles concluded that there was a statistically instantant association amidst periodontal disease and inauspicious gestation results. Perinatal mortality rates in Pakistan and many other evolution states are more(prenominal) than 10-fold great than in developed states. In a survey on periodontic disease and inauspicious own results in pregnant Pakistani bad womanlys, it was found that they do high degrees of moderate-to-severe dental disease. It was concluded that spontaneous abortion and neonatal and perinatal deceases increased with the badness of periodontic disease 5 .Patients, doctors, and tooth doctors are cautious, frequently avoiding hinderance of unwritten wellness issues during gest ation. This job is compounded by a deficiency of clinical guidelines for the direction of common unwritten conditions in gestation. In the absence of dominion guidelines, fright of medico legal action based on negligent or deficient intervention of unwritten conditions during gestation abounds, but it is aboutly vapid 6 . In add-on to a deficiency of pattern criterions, barriers to dental attention during gestation accept unequal dental insurance, relentless myths about the make of gestation on dental wellness, and concerns for fetal safety during dental intervention 7 .Common PROBLEMS DURING PREGNANCYOral lesionsDuring gestation, the unwritten pit is exposed more frequently to gastric acid that asshole gnaw dental beautify. Morning illness is a common cause early in gestation subsequently, a slack esophageal sphincter and upward force per unit area from the big womb chiffonier do or worsen acerb reflux. Patients with wondrous purging can hold enamel erodings.Rinsing t he unwritten cavity with a teaspoon of baking sodium carbonate in a form of H2O or using tooth mousse ( casein phosphopeptide formless Ca phosphate ) on the dentition after purging can neutralize acid. Pregnant adult females should be advised to avoid brushing their dentitions instantly after purging and to utilize a toothbrush with soft bristles when they do brush to mow down the hazard of enamel harm. Fluoride gargle can protect eroded or sensitive dentitions.Dental CavitiesAn increased prevalence of dental changes has been documented, including peculiarly cavities ( 99.38 % ) 2 . Pregnant adult females are at higher hazard of tooth corrupt for several grounds including increased sourness in the unwritten pit, sugary dietary cravings, and limited attending to unwritten wellness. Untreated dental cavities can take to unwritten abscess and facial cellulitis. Pregnant patients should diminish their hazard of cavities by brushing in two ways daily with fluoride toothpaste and restricting sugary nutrients. Patients with untreated cavities and associated complications should be referred to a tooth doctor for unequivocal intervention.If the female parent ( infecting individual ) has high salivary mutans streptococci count, transmission occurs through several day-to-day spit contacts between the kid and the female parent. The acquisition of mutans streptococci is suggested to happen during a distinct age interval a window of infectivity between 19 and 31 months in which the proportion of kids with MS additions from 25 % to 75 % 8 .Numerous literatures pitch stated that both abject nutrition and unkept birth weight are risk factors for the discipline of early childhood cavities ( ECC ) . ECC is an early arising, potentially lay thieve toing and deadly signifier of dental cavities. It non scarcely does dentitions, but consequences in hurting, infection and damage of unwritten map which leads to malnutrition and lessened quality of life. Under- or ma lnourished babies and babies with low birth weight are at hazard for enamel hypoplasia ( uncomplete formation of enamel ) 9 . Enamel hypoplasia may do an irregular enamel surface or stain, which can ensue in countries more prone to cavities. Therefore, pregnant female parents should be advised to optimise nutrition during the 3rd trimester and the thwart s jump twelvemonth, when the enamel is undergoing ripening.Pregnancy Oral TumorPyogenic granuloma ( or pregnancy tumour ) seems to be common in the conceiving female population. Pregnancy unwritten tumours are vascular lesions caused by increased Lipo-Lutin in combination with local thorns and bacteriums. Lesions are typically erythematous, smooth, and lobulated they are located chiefly on the gum. The lingua, pileus of the mouth, or buccal mucous membrane may besides be involved. Pregnancy tumours are or so common after the first trimester, process quickly, and typically recede after saving. Management is normally experime ntal unless the tumours bleed, interfere with chew, or do non decide after bringing. Lesions surgically removed during gestation are likely to repeat 10 .Loose ( Mobile ) TeethDentitions can loosen during gestation, even in the absence of gum disease, because of increased degrees of Lipo-Lutin and estrogen impacting the periodontium ( i.e. , the ligaments and bone that support the dentition ) 1 . For unsophisticated loose dentitions non associated with periodontic disease, doctors should reassure patients that the status is impermanent, and entirely it will non do tooth loss 11 .GingivitisGingivitis is the most common unwritten disease in gestation in such state of affairss. It is redness of the superficial gum tissue. During gestation, gingivitis is aggravated by fluctuations in estrogen and Lipo-Lutin degrees in combination with alterations in unwritten vegetations and a cut back immune response, therefore cut downing the organic structure s cleverness to mend and keep gin gival tissue 12 . Thorough unwritten hygiene steps, including tooth brushing and flossing, are recommended. Patients with terrible gingivitis may necessitate professional purifying and demand to utilize mouth rinses such as chlorhexidine.Periodontal diseasePeriodontal disease is a destructive redness of the periodontium impacting many adult females of accouchement age. The procedure involves bacterial infiltration of the periodontium. Toxins produced by the bacteriums stimulate a chronic insurgent response, and the periodontium is broken down and destroyed, making pockets that become septic. Finally, the dentition loosen. This procedure can bring on perennial bacteraemia, which indirectly triggers the hepatic ague stage response, ensuing in production of cytokines, prostaglandins ( i.e. , PGE2 ) , and interleukins ( i.e. , IL-6, IL-8 ) , all of which can impact gestation 13 .Elevated degrees of these inflammatory markers have been found in the amnionic fluid of adult females with periodontal disease and preterm birth compared with healthy control patients 14 . In one survey, research workers found minimum unwritten bacteriums in the amnionic fluid and placenta of adult females with preterm labor and periodontal disease 15 . It seems likely that this inflammatory cascade entirely prematurely initiates labors due to early uterine contractions. The mechanism is thought to be similar for low birth weight the release of PGE2 restricts eutherian mammal blood flow and causes placental mortification and attendant intrauterine growing limitation 16 .PRENATAL GuidancePrenatal unwritten wellness reding for parents is an of import factor because infant unwritten wellness begins at this phase. The chief aim is to bring forth consciousness among parents about dental disease, its bar and the agencies to supply a suited environment for the kid to develop. Prospective parents need to cognize that antenatal appraisal and instruction are indispensable to the unwri tten wellness of their kid.Prenatal appraisal includes unwritten wellness position of the parent. If the parents are at hazard, the tooth doctor should supply preventative intervention and educate them on good brass section control, followed by Restorations if necessitate and discourse the transmissibility of Mutans streptococci from the female parent to the baby. Parents should be monitored on a regular footing to guarantee effectual unwritten hygiene and dietetic wonts have been established. Improvement of the female parent s unwritten hygiene, diet and the rule of oral cavity rinses can hold a important impact on the kid s cavities rate in the hereafter 17 .Anticipatory counselAnticipatory counsel is the procedure of supplying practical, developmentally appropriate learning about kids s wellness to fix parents for the important physical, emotional and psychological mileposts. Anticipatory counsel involves three types of undertakings ( I ) assemblage schooling, ( two ) set uping a curative confederation, and ( three ) supplying instruction and counsel. General prevenient counsel for the female parent includes the undermentioned 18 , 19 ( a ) Education refering development and bar of dental disease and besides presentation of unwritten hygiene processs.( B ) Reding to instil preventative attitudes and motive.( degree Celsius ) Supplying information to pregnant adult females about gestation gingivitis ( redness of the gum caused by an exacerbated response to dental governance, related to hormonal alterations during gestation ) . With gingivitis, the gums become inflamed, conceited, sensitive and tend to shed blood. Signs of gingivitis may go apparent in the 2nd trimester and extremum during the 9th month of gestation.( vitamin D ) Visiting a tooth doctor for an scrutiny and Restoration of all active decay every bit shortly as executable and to diminish opportunities of developing gestation gingivitis.( vitamin E ) Eating healthy nutrients such as f ruits, veggies, grain merchandises ( in particular whole grain ) , and dairy merchandises ( milk, cheese ) during repasts and bites. Limit eating between repasts.( degree Fahrenheit ) Eating nutrients incorpo evaluation and sugar at mealtimes, and restricting the sum. patronize ingestion of nutrients high in sugar additions the hazard for tooth decay. In add-on, frequent ingestion of nutrients that easy adhere to the tooth surface, such as dried fruit and confect, increase the hazard for tooth decay.( g ) Brushing teeth exhaustively twice a twenty-four hours ( after breakfast and before bed ) with fluoridated toothpaste and flossing day-to-day.( H ) Rinsing every dark with an alcohol-free, nonprescription fluoridated mouth rinse.( I ) Not smoking coffin nails or masticating baccy.DENTAL PROCEDURES DURING PREGNANCYEvery pregnant adult female should be assessed for dental hygiene wonts, unwritten jobs ( e.g. , cavities, gingivitis ) , and entree to dental attention 11 . Conversel y, inauspicious gestation outcomes, such as low birth weight, preterm birth, and pre-eclampsia, occur in adult females who have non received intervention. Good unwritten wellness during gestation is of import to the overall wellness of both anticipant female parents and their babes.Relevant information sing the type of dental intervention that can be undertaken may be summarized as follows 18 , 19 First trimester It is the most important period for growing of fetus. Merely exigency dental intervention should be undertaken in audience with the patient s doctor when organogenesis is uncomplete.Second and 3rd trimester Emergency every bit good as elected dental intervention can be provided. The 3rd trimester presents the extra jobs of positional uncomfortableness and the hazard of vein caval compaction. maintain uping a adult female on her left side, shifting frequently, and maintaining visits brief can cut down jobs 20 . Postponing dental attention until after bringing can be d ebatable because new female parents are focused on the attention of their neonates and may hold alveolar consonant insurance merely during gestation 13 . Plaque diet control plans are initiated for female parent throughout gestation.Screening and PreventionOral scrutiny should include the dentitions, gums, lingua, roof of the mouth, and mucous membrane. Patients should be counselled to execute everyday brushing and flossing, to avoid inordinate sums of sugary bites and drinks, and to confer with a tooth doctor. Status of and programs for unwritten wellness should be documented. more tooth doctors are reported to be loath to handle pregnant adult females 21 . Physicians and tooth doctors can get the better of this state of affairs through instruction, ingest communicating, and the development of ongoing collaborative relationships. Doctors can portion information on the safety of dental intervention in gestation with dental co-workers and supply derive referral recommendations .DiagnosisDental skiagraphy may be performed in gestation for acute diagnostic intents 22 . When possible, skiagraphy should be delayed until after the first trimester. Screening skiagraphy should be deferred until after bringing. Modern fast movie, maturateing away of retakes, and usage of lead aprons and thyroid shields all bound hazard. The teratogenic hazard of radiation mental picture from unwritten movies is 1,000 times less than the natural hazard of self-generated abortion or deformity 21 .Medicines for Dental processsLocal anaesthetics such as Lidocaine ( Xylocaine ) and prilocaine ( Citanest ) mixed with adrenaline are safe for processs when dosed suitably 23 . Sedatives such as benzodiazepines ( e.g. , Versed ) , lorazepam ( Ativan ) and triazolam ( triazolam ) should be avoided. Azotic oxide is non rated and its usage in gestation is controversial 24 .Periodontic TherapyA randomized controlled test of 870 adult females with pregnancy-associated gingivitis found that intervention ( ie, plaque control, grading, and daily rinsing with 0.12 % chlorhexidine ) and care ( ie, unwritten hygiene direction and manual supragingival plaque remotion every 2 to 3 hebdomads until bringing ) significantly reduced the preterm birth or LBW rate 25 .Renewing DentistryAmalgam, a mixture of 50 % metallic quicksilver and other metals, has advantages over other transition stuffs nevertheless, there is concern that quicksilver can be released as vapor, ions, or all right atoms, which can be inhaled or ingested. Surveies and instance studies of amalgam exposure during gestation have non documented any toxicity, including birth defects, neurologic sequelae, self-generated abortions, or decrease in birthrate 26 .A longitudinal rating of renewing stuffs employed in a minimum renewing intercession attack of 81 high caries-active pregnant adult females demonstrated that extremely glutinous glass ionomer cement applied in a minimum intercession attack provided h igh-quality preventative and renewing attention. The complex was employed in pits exposed to bring down emphasis, such as in the anterior dentitions 27 .Dental ExtractionTooth home during gestation seems to be a common thing. The many hormonal alterations during gestation cause many pregnant adult females to hold jobs that they did nt hold before they became pregnant. One of the things that happen is that the gum is much more sensitive to annoyance. They swell, become inflamed, turn ruddy, bleed and are frequently painful. These reactions are to the plaque environing the dentition.It is really common to hold gum job around a wisdom tooth and the surrounding gums merely acquire more aggravated while a adult female is pregnant. This is the primary ground that tooth extraction during gestation is non an uncommon experience.A Of class, tooth doctors would prefer to avoid tooth extraction during gestation. However, the take up involvements of the kid must be thought of excessively. A female parent that is in changeless hurting while transporting a kid is show out her organic structure. This is likely non healthy for the kid. A tooth extraction process nowadays is really soft and many patients are non even aware that their tooth has been removed. composition Canal TreatmentMany pregnant adult females are concerned about the effects of a root canal process to their fetus. Obstetricians suggest that it is best to avoid exposing the developing babe to any hazards, even if they are minimum. Unfortunately, it is non the same to prorogue a root canal intervention as it is to prorogue a dentition whitening process.If the tooth doctor recommends a root canal during gestation, the hazards are associated withPain Dentition that need root canal therapy are normally accompany by terrible odontalgia. Continuous hurting during gestation can be a truly nerve-racking status with potentially negative effects to the female parent and fetus.Infection The conditions when a root canal is recommended during gestation ever affect tooth infection. If the infection is left untreated for a long clip, the infection can distribute throughout the organic structure doing terrible complications. This is a status that will set a gestation into important danger.A safer attack to a root canal intervention during gestationObstetricians consider the first trimester as the most important for the development of the fetus. Any non-emergency dental work in the maiden trimester should be postponed until the 2nd trimester, to avoid all possible hazards. If needed the tooth doctor can open an abscessed tooth to let drainage and hurting alleviation, and clean the pulp magazine country every bit good as possible.Subsequently, when gestation enters the 2nd trimester, an X ray can be taken to let the completion of the root canal intervention. The same process can be followed for a job during the 3rd trimester concluding intervention is postponed until after the birth, if possibl e.Management of Acute Dental conditionsIf piano cellulitis is present, penicillin, Amoxil, and Keflex are sensible first-line antibiotics. Erythromycin base ( non erythromycin estolate, which is associated with cholestatic hepatitis in gestation ) or clindamycin ( Cleocin ) can be used in the type 1 hypersensitivity penicillin-allergic patient. For terrible cellulitis, the patient should be hospitalized and treated with endovenous Mefoxins or clindamycin. To pull off dental hurting, Datril is the drug of pick isobutylphenyl propionic acid and limited usage of oxycodone are appropriate 11 .PREVENTIVE METHODSAlthough a figure of non-invasive preventative intercessions, traditional wellness instruction remains the gilded criterion for presenting the message to conjure parents to subscribe to these preventative intercessions. By traditional wellness instruction, which means advice-giving Sessionss conducted by professionals and/or the airing of information via booklets, postings and media runs. Unfortunately, such attacks are non effectual 28 .Weinstein & A co workers, after biennial consequences of controlled test suggested that motivational interviewing ( MI ) guidance has a positive consequence on kids s dental wellness that is greater than that of traditional wellness instruction 29 . The antimicrobic intervention ( topical application of Na fluoride ( NaF ) and iodine solution instantly after prophylaxis and 3 and 5 yearss subsequently ) for the pregnant female parent, 6 and 12 months after bringing had greater influence by cut downing the acquisition of MS from the female parent to the kids 30 .Kohler et Al ( 1994 ) used chlorhexidine ( CHX ) in female parents with a high degree of MS in spit and found that there is a decrease in the MS degree of spit of the female parent and besides had a long-run consequence on the MS colonisation and besides on the cavities experience of the kid 31 . A 30 month survey to measure the effectivity of a caviti es preventative government ( 0.05 % Na fluoride and 0.12 % chlorhexidine oral cavity rinse everyday during 6 months of gestation till 24 months after bringing ) showed promising consequences on utilizing combination of fluoride and chlorhexidine 32 , 33 . Fluoride is the most widely known and accepted anti-caries agent available, and chlorhexidine is the most widely used plaque-inhibitory compound33. These agents have wholly different mechanisms of action, and their combined disposal produces a synergic consequence on mutans streptococci 33 .Xylitol and chlorhexidine lower maternal unwritten bacterial burden and cut down transmittal of bacteriums to babies when used tardily in gestation and/or in the postpartum period. Both topical agents are safe in gestation and during suckling 34 . Surveies have used different dosing degrees, and the optimum pane for consistent bar is ill-defined. Long-run usage of high-dose xylitol mastication gums had good effects on plaque pH, and tha t this consequence was statistically greater when utilizing xylitol masticating gums, both on plaque pH and MS salivary concentration 35 .DecisionDental intervention is indispensable for optimum unwritten wellness, which extends to pregnancy. Routine dental visits can include the usage of X raies, unwritten prophylaxis, Restorations, interventional interventions like root canal interventions, periodontic surgeries and extractions because utilizing local anesthetics during gestation have non been found to be associated with an increased hazard to the developing fetus. Conversely, inauspicious gestation outcomes, such as low birth weight, preterm birth, and pre-eclampsia, occur in adult females who have non received intervention.However, gestation is a clip when adult females may be more motivated to do healthy alterations. Gynecologists and doctors can turn to maternal unwritten issues, potentially cut downing the hazard of preterm birth and childhood cavities through unwritten dis ease bar, diagnosing, early direction, and dental referral.

Christmas Tree Essay

Cherish the joyful spirit of messiahmas fete with these heartfelt and reflective essays on Christmas We as well as invite you to share your feelings and expereinces on Christmas by sending us Christmas Essays written by you. Your essay will be posted on this page along with your see My Usual Christmas Holi day shine By Shakira AJust before the last day of school I give out presents to my t sever in allyer and a few of my friends. I eer hope they homogeneous what I spoil them. When school is over and the Christmas holiday begins I commonly go out with my parents.During the day I go to Spain maybe to a river or well-nightimes we just go on a ride round. Almost allday we go out for lunch. I always ask my parents not to tell me what they get me. Of course I no longer believe I Santa Claus. They usually buy a present for my brother to give to me, as my brother is five. What I do is live with my supper and then we to severally wizard go to our beds. My favourite part of the holiday is Christmas day. Last family, I went take in very early but my mother always tells me to wait for the rest of the family. When they arise down I open my presents and every year I like what every one gets me.At night we have a roast dinner usually chicken. During January and February My brother and I get another present from my uncle from Australia its usually clothing or sometimes jewellery. Two years ago I went to church on Christmas Eve and I won all the figures for the camp bed there were all sorts of things. It was like the whole town of Bethlehem. Last year and this year, my father built a mountain that is about a metre wide. It starts elfin with bits and pieces and from there we build up. I live with my mother, father, brother and uncle and every year we have a nice Christmas.We are all happy and we get dozens of gifts. My friends Kelly-Ann and Karess always get me a nice present and I always give them one too. Last year I gave Dr Ocana my teacher some figures t o do a crib in class. Every year I give Christmas cards to all my friends. I love to decorate my house and last year I made a holly wreath out of a clothes hanger, some tinsel with a few decorations too. fling Your Christmas EssaysWhat Christmas Means to me By RhondaChristmas to me is a celebration, which includes spending time with my family, decorating the entire house, inside and out, and shopping, for the people I love.Doing this with the people I love is what means the most to me. Spending Christmas with my family is very important to me. We usually gather and celebrate at my parents house, in East Tennessee. My husband, our three children, and myself travel from California. My two sisters, their husbands, and children come from a nearby town, for our celebration. We spend the day baking cookies, making fudge and preparing a big Christmas dinner, with all the trimmings. The children love to see each other. They spend the day playing games and sharing their new gifts and toys that Santa Claus brought for each of them.They get so eager to decorate, that it is hard to restrain them. Decorating for Christmas is so a lot fun. My father always draws a new background scenery, for the Nativity scene, that he displays, every year. He, my brother-in-laws and my husband start with the decorations for the outside of the house and the front yard. Every year, my parents add a little more to the outside decorations. My mom, sisters, our children and myself decorate the inside of the house. My mom has so many indoor decorations that they can not all possibly be displayed. We try to change the decorations, which we put out every year.The men finish up just about the same time as, we women and then it is time to decorate the tree together. The children love this the most. The tree is always real, and is usually six to seven feet tall. closely of the ornaments have been collected over the years and are very old. They have become real family treasures. We all have a favo rite one that we each put on the tree. All the children put their First Christmas ornament on the tree, that I brought, as a gift. I am not usually a shopper, but during the Christmas season, I actually enjoy shopping. I rarely go into department stores, but during the Christmas season, I love to shop.The stores are so beautifully adorned and very festive. I can easily get carried away, with spending so much money. I must admit the purview of spending too much money hardly comes to mind. I can just picture of look on the faces, of my family and that brings me so much joy. I feel so fortunate, to have my family passim the year, but especially, at Christmas time. When showing, my family just how much I love them and what exactly they mean to me. That is so very important to me. Christmas, for me is about being with family, loving each other and showing each other just exactly how we all feel.Send Your Christmas EssaysA Christmas carol By ThomasIt is hard to believe that there is an yone on the satellite who is not familiar with the story of A Christmas Carol. Written in a six-week period in October and November of 1843, the refreshed was the first of five short Christmas books published by Charles Dickens. Obviously, it was the most successful novel in the series. In fact, he was so certain that people would like his story that he refused to sell the rights to his publisher and instead paid to publish it himself. His instincts proved correct, and soon after its publication all of the copies were sold.In his later years, Dickens would read an abridged version of A Christmas Carol at public readings for which he charged a fee. Often, that fee went to the several charitable organizations that he was involved with throughout his lifetime. The book itself was instrumental in elevation peoples awareness of poverty. Since its publication, the story has been told many times in all imaginable forms. Despite the thousands of times that A Christmas Carol has been ada pted to stage, radio, movies, and television, the novel remains the most popular and poignant telling of the tale. Send Your Christmas EssaysThe Night Before Christmas by Sister St.Thomas, B. N. D. de NA more spiritual version of the historied Christmas story. Twas the night before Christmas, and all through the town, St. Joseph was searching, walking up roads and down Our Lady was waiting, so meek and so mild, While Joseph was desire a place for the Child. The children were nestled, each snug in their beds, The grown-ups wouldnt bother, Theres no room, they said When even the inkeeper sent them away, Joseph was wondering, where they would stay? He thought of the caves in the side of the hills, Lets go there, said Mary, its silent and still. The moon on the breast of the new fallen snow, Made pathways of light for their tired feet to go And there in a cave, in a cradle of hay, Our Saviour was born on that first Christmas Day The Father was notice in heaven above, He sent for His angels, His couriers of love. More rapid than eagles Gods bright angels came, Rejoicing and eager as each hear his name Come Power, Come Cherubs, Come Virtues, Come Raphael, Come Thrones and Dominions, come Michael and Gabriel Now fly to the Earth, where My poor people live,Announce the glad tiding My Son comes to give. The Shepherds were watching their flocks on this night, And proverb in the heavens an unearthly light. The Angels assured them, theyd nothing to fear, Its Christmas they said, the Saviour is here They hastened to find Him, and stood at the door, Till Mary invited them in to adore. He was swaddled in bands from His head to His feet, Neer did the Shepherds see a baby so sweet He spoke not a word, but the shepherds all knew, He was telling them secrets and blessing them too Then softly they left Him, The Babe in the hay, And rejoiced with great joy on that first Christmas Day.Mary heard them exclaim as they walked up the hill, Glory to God in the Highest, Peace to men of good will Send Your Christmas EssaysThe Cross Kenneth R. OverbergFirst, lets fall to the shadow of the cross. Because the life, death and resurrection of Jesus make up the foundation of Christianity, the Christian community has long reflected on their significance for our lives. What was the purpose of Jesus life? Or simply, why Jesus? The answer most frequently handed on in everyday religion emphasizes redemption. This view returns to the creation story and sees in go and Eves sin a fundamentalalienation from God, a separation so profound that God must intervene to overcome it. The Incarnation, the phrase becoming flesh, is considered Gods action to right this original wrong. Redemption, then, is basically understood as a buying back. How did this view develop? Just as we do when we face tragedy, especially innocent suffering, so the early followers of Jesus tried to make sense of his horrible death. They asked Why? They sought acumen from their Jewish practices like Templ e sacrifices and from their Scriptures.Certain rites and passages (the suffering servant in Isaiah, psalms of lament, wisdom literature on the suffering righteous person) seemed to fit the flagitious events at the end of Jesus life and so offered an answer to the why question. Understandably, these powerful images colored the entire story, including the sum of Jesus birth and life. Throughout the centuries, Christian theology and piety have developed these interpretations of Jesus execution. At times God has even been described as demanding Jesus suffering and death as a means of atonement-to satisfy and appease an angry God.In many forms of theology, popular piety and religious practice, the purpose of Jesus life is directly cerebrate to original sin and all human sinfulness. Without sin, there would have been no need for the Incarnation. Send Your Christmas EssaysWhat Is Christmas? by Shawneese Smith Tulsa, OklahomaChristmas is a celebration of Jesus Christs birth. Some people celebrate Christmas differently, but it is all based upon the birth of Christ. Christmas is on December 25th. This is the day that Jesus is said to be born. zippo really knows the exact date Jesus was born.Yet, in 137 AD, the Bishop of Rome ordered the birthday of The Christ child be celebrated as a heavy feast. In 350 AD, another Roman Bishop named Julius I, choose December 25th as the observance day of Christmas (The Mass of Christ). People celebrate Christmas differently form one another. For example, my family celebrates Christmas by decorating our entire house. We also exchange gifts, go to church, and cook a big dinner. Even though we do all these things, we remember the true meaning of Christmas To Celebrate the Birth of Jesus Christ.In conclusion, though people celebrate Christmas in different ways throughout the world, I learned to celebrate Christmas from my family and church. Send Your Christmas EssaysChristmas Day by OrlaOn the last day of school, I always give out Christmas presents and cards to my teacher and my friends in class. We always have a troupe the last day of the term and we play games. When school is over we usually go down town and finish our Christmas shopping. Then we go home and have our dinner and we go to bed. The next day we go down town as it is Christmas eve and we see all the Christmas lights and there is always carol singers on the street.We sometimes meet our friends and go for coffee. At around 6 pm we go home to get tea for our dad. When he comes home we open some presents that our friends have given us. At 9 we go to mass and when we go home we get our snacks for Santa ready. The next day is Christmas day. At 9 am we get up and we go downstairs to take the goodies Santa has left for us. At 12 we go to our granny and grandads house for few hours and then we go home. At 2 some of our relations come over and we get some more presents. At 7 we go for a walk around town and when we come back and we get ready for bed. We have a drink and we go to bed.Send Your Christmas EssaysChristmas Fun Christmas Party Christmas Candle Christmas Cards Christmas Messages Christmas Jokes Christmas Essays Christmas Music Christmas Dresses Christmas Games Christmas Plays Christmas Download crisp Christmas in Different LanguagesChristmas Special Christmas Celebrations Christmas Decorations Christmas Recipes Jesus Christ Santa Claus Christmas Tree Christmas Symbols Christmas Shopping Christmas Fun Xmas Around the creationSCFC FESTIVAL NETWORKHome About us Contact usTeej Festival Christmas Bhai Dooj New Year Lohri Janmashtami All Festivals Symphony of Fire Aalborg Carnival White Nights FestivalMardi Gras Burning Man Seville Feria de Abril Onam Guca Trumpet Festival Panafest Bonn Om Tuk Day of the DeadCopyright Society for the Confluence of World Festivals & Celebrations.

Bush and Branson: Dichotomies of Power

Jane Jacobs book, Systems of Survival, discusses cardinal types of ethical or value systems governing our working lives, with each wholeness the complete foil of the other. These two systems describe the framework by which we operate day to day, procuring our needs and securing our own territories. It is interesting to note that while the two systems in question argon polar opposites, thither are several instances where organizations go for a combination of the two.However, it is worth mentioning that while the two are indeed different, both, as products of their own unique environment, are equally necessary and valid to the circumstances in which they arise and within the context of their use. There are times when angiotensin-converting enzyme system leverages another for its own advantage. The two systems are defender Moral Syndrome and the Commercial Moral Syndrome. From their names alone, it is easy to guess their differences from one another. The first model, the protector Moral Syndrome, generally refers to people or agencies that are protective or defensive in nature.Examples of guardians are the military and the police, organizations which employ legions in enunciate to achieve its goals. The Commercial Model Syndrome is used by commercial or business entities. The commercials use trade in order to advance its interests. The main individualal credit line of Jacobs book is that our world uses only two methods to acquire resources and those are to trade in an atmosphere of symbiosis, or take anothers resources by force under the pretense of a variety of reasons. As Paquet & Gilles explains, Guardian moralistic syndrome underpinning hierarchical system, and commercial moral syndrome underpinning food market-type organizations.(1999, p. 35)In this regard, this paper will try to differentiate the two systems more clearly by citing two famous personalities who embody each system or model and try to explain their actions in light of the determine that define each system. Guardian Moral Syndrome George W. Bush It is perhaps unfortunate to be the electric chair of the united States at the time when the September 11 being Trade Canter attack took place. Imagine the burden of responsibility, made more difficult to bear with the whole world watching your every move. George W.Bush, the flowing President of the United States made the decision to retaliate and take an offensive stance against terrorist act, reflection that it was a necessary move to protect his country. Soon after the 9-11 attacks, the United States, backed by its international allies waged a struggle on Afghanistan to free the country from the iron grip of the Taliban rule. By doing so, Bush redefined the concept of terrorism from nameless, stateless entities, to one that is closely associated with the country that is giving them safe passage (Moens, 2004, p. 164).A country that harbors a terrorist shares in the sin and will suffer the consequences of doing so. Up to now, change surface the face of growing dissent, Bush has continued its war against terrorism. After Afghanistan, Bush went on to attack Iraq and weed out Saddam Hussein. While he was triple-crown at bringing Hussein down, the long drawn out war in Iraq is hugely unpopular in the United States. Bush is receiving increasingly heated criticism from his own country. From receiving the highest approval rating immediately following the 9-11 attacks, his ratings plummeted to a level lowest in recent history.According to Sammon, Bush defends his position by saying that terrorism is not a criminal offense, but an act of war. (2006, p. 25). It is very plain to see how Bush is exhibiting the Moral Guardian Syndrome. He does not undulate to use force to advance his own cause. Perhaps encouraged by the success of the Afghanistan campaign, he truly believes that he can rid the world of terrorists. value such as exert prowess, take revenge, deceive for the sake of task, be fatalist ic, can be seen in Bushs leadership style.Primarily, it is the unflinching willingness to use physical force that defines Bushs presidency. In order to protect his territory and resources, he embraces force and stands his ground. The use of military might to exact vengeance and uphold a way of life holds true with the Guardian Moral Syndrome. In fact, the need for righteous revenge was what galvanized the United States soon after the existence Trade Center was attacked, killing thousands of people. Bush capitalized on his countrys united call for justice in order to indefinitely maintain his war against terrorists and extremists.He protects his turf by actively seeking out and eliminating those who threaten his territory and he does so with firm belief in his cause. Bush personifies the guardian moral syndrome because the use of righteous force governs his thoughts and actions. He remains faithful to the cause and is more than willing to pay the price for his advocacy and beliefs. Commercial Model Syndrome Sir Richard Branson Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson is the possessor of the Virgin group of companies. He was born in Surrey, England and is currently the fifth wealthinesst man in the United Kingdom.Branson is a high school dropout because his dyslexia was getting in the way of his learning. His teachers, who did not know any better at that time thought he was a slow learner. Whatever shortcomings Richard had in his academic life, he made up with his entrepreneurial spirit, Richard has always been enterprising, venturing into businesses at a young age. He was 21 years when he opened his first immortalise shop class in 1971. In the 1980s, Bransons Virgin record label grew rapidly, spurred primarily by his flamboyant and competitive style. What started out as a small record store is now a globally-recognized brand.A big part of Bransons early success was the choice of name for his business, but foremost was his passion and faith for what he is doing . He was focused and had his eye on the goal from day one. He leveraged his small successes in order to take on grander undertakings. Fridson describes Bransons success. The unconventionality reflected in Bransons managerial style is a personality trait that made him a highly successful innovator throughout his career. (1999, p. 226) Branson breaks the mold of the traditional successful businessman (Nelson and Quick, p. 111).Nevertheless, he is still remains to be a classic example of the commercial moral syndrome and is a good case in point. Among all the set embodied by the commercial moral syndrome, Branson is the epitome of optimism. He had explicit faith in his own success, and the positive expectations he had for himself became a self-fulfilling prophecy, as manifest by his Virgin conglomerate. Aside from his optimism, Branson is also industrious and efficient, and does not balk at the competition. However, it should be noted that among all of Bransons traits as a business man.He high hat embodies the qualities of the commercial moral syndrome with his willingness to innovate. Among the precepts of the commercial moral syndrome says that one should be open to inventiveness and novelty. There should be a willingness to try something new and keep redefining the current state of things. Branson, for all his successes, could devour just chosen to rest on his laurels and enjoy the fruits of his hard work. But the need to raise the bar keeps him on the top of his game. This perhaps is the hallmark of every great businessman.The willingness to create something new, and accept the risks that go with it are what sets the Branson from the rest of the crowd and is perhaps the main reason for his success. Branson acquires resources and riches by engaging in business under a free market economy, and he expands on his territory by using what he has take in as funds in order to acquire more. He enters into agreements and partnerships to diversify and knows how to invest productively and is optimistic even as he takes calculated risks. Branson is a model for the commercial moral system because he represents all the best that this system embodies.He is perhaps one of the best arguments for this model. Branson has proved that with the right attitude, anyone can be successful businessman, even a school drop-out like he is. Indeed the concept of a dichotomy in business and government entities is dictated by the circumstances wherein they are being used. One model or syndrome is not necessarily better over the other because they were made for entirely different reasons. Guardian precepts are designed to strengthen the individual against fear and weakness, but it should be tempered with a strong sense of fairness and justice.The best guardians are that person who, while believing in the necessity of force, exhausts all peaceful means before using it. Force should always be a last resort, and mustiness never be used to advance any selfish interest s. Conversely, commercial precepts are designed for the accumulation of wealth under a free market environment. But it success in a commercial model should be tempered with civic responsibility and the willingness to give back to the community and help those who have not been so fortunate in life. The two people mentioned in this paper does embody the qualities of each system.They are operating within their own zones and are successful in their own right. However, I believe that the world is far too complex to be condensed into a black and white model. While on that point is no doubt that Jacobs has great insights on how we act to survive and keep our turf, most things in life are not as clearly defined. Depending on the situation, we can be guardians or commercials, or a bit of both. And while the two people discussed here typify one model or another, there is no saying how long will they stay that way and how will they act if their life circumstances were any different, or if som ething changes in their environment.

Concussions: Traumatic Brain Injury and Moderate Concussion

Concussions A concussion is a clinical syndrome of traumatic brain injury (TBI) also referred to as mild brain injury (MBI), is characterized by immediate but transient posttraumatic impairment of the brain function. Mental confusion, alteration of mental status, and amnesia are hallmarks of concussion symptoms that may or may not also allow the red ink of consciousness. It temporarily interferes with the way your brain works, and it stinkpot affect memory, judgment, reflexes, speech, balance, coordination, and sleep patterns.A concussion may result when the head hits an object or a moving object strikes the head. A concussion can result from a fall, sports activities, and car accidents. Significant movement of the brain can cause you to stomach alertness. How long you remain unconscious may be a sign of the severity of the concussion. However, you dont always involve a loss of consciousness. Most people who convey a concussion never black out. You can necessitate a concussion and not realize it. There are three grades to scale a concussions severity.Grade 1 is considered a mild concussion that has no loss of consciousness posttraumatic amnesia lasting less than thirty minutes. Post concussion signs and symptoms other than amnesia lasting less than twenty-four hours. Grade 2 is a moderate concussion, loss of consciousness lasting less than one minute. Posttraumatic amnesia lasting chronic than thirty minutes but less than twenty-four hours postconcussion signs and symptoms lasting longer than twenty-four hours but less than vii days.Grade 3 is a severe concussion, which lie of loss of consciousness lasting more than one minute or posttraumatic amnesia lasting longer than twenty-four hours. The postconcussion signs and symptoms ordain last longer than seven days. There are several things a doctor can do to test an athlete or a patient for a concussion. The doctor will perform a physical exam and check your nervous system. There may be changes in your pupil size, thinking ability, coordination, and reflexes.Tests that may be performed include EEGwhich is a brain wave test it may be needed if seizures continue, head CTscan, and MRI of the head. Many signs that a doctor can look for are altered levels of consciousness such as drowsy, hard to arouse, or similar changes, confusion or feeling spacey, headache, loss of consciousness, memory loss such as events before the injury or immediately afterwards, nausea or vomiting, seeing flashing lights, and feeling like you have lost beat.If the concussion occurred during a sporting event and resulted in a headache, confusion, or change in alertness, a trained soul must determine when that person can return to playing sports. Healing or recovering from a concussion takes time. It may take days, weeks, or even months. You may be irritable, have trouble concentrating, unable to remember things, headaches, dizziness, and blurry vision. These problems will probably go away slowly. You may wan t to get help from family or friends before reservation important decisions.There is a testing that is call ImPACT testing that you test each athlete before physical activity. ImPact stands for Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and cognitive Testing. Then in the case of a concussion they can take the athletes after and retest them on their memory skills. ImPACT provides computerized neurocognitive assessment tools and services that are apply by medical doctors, psychologists, athletic trainers and other licensed healthcare professionals to assist them in determining an athletes ability to return to play after suffering a concussion.

Nestle Operations

THE NESTLE STORY go up S. A. the baffle Switzerland based multinational nutriment group, origin t push through with(predicate) ensembley consisted of deuce companies and two defecates Henri cuddle and his baby viands in Vevey, and the Anglo-Swiss Condensed take out company and its condensed draw come with and its condensed draw in Cham, both in Switzerland. In 1866 the Page Brothers form the united States set up a new industry in Cham, making condensed take out from a tippy material that was available in abundance in the region. In 1867 Henri snuggle a chemist in Vevey, created a draw and cereal based food for babies.The companies competed vigorously until 1905, when they merged and became the starting point of the present food group.MEANING OF NESTLE Henri d in the cranky near endowed his company with the figure derived from his name. His family coat of arms, the nest with a mother bird protecting her young, became the Companys logo and a symbol of the Companys c argon and attitude to life-long nutrition. The hold tight nest represents the nourishment, security and sense of family that ar so essential to life.BRIEF HISTORY OF NESTLE 1866 -1905In the 1860s Henri cling to, a pharmacist, developed a food for babies who were unable to breast scarper. 1905-1918 In 1905 draw near merged with the Anglo-Swiss Condensed draw Company. By the early 1900s, the company was operating positionories in the get together States, Britain, Ger umpteen and Spain.. 1918 -1938 . The 1920s power saw nuzzles offshoot elabo arrayness into new products, with chocolate the Companys second most important activity. 1938 -1944 hold close felt the effects of World War II immediately. Profits dropped from $20 jillion in 1938 to $6 million in 1939.Factories were established in developing countries, leaveicularly Latin America. Ironic exclusivelyy, the war serviceed with the introduction of the Companys newest product, Nescafe, which was a staple jackete of the US military.. 1944 -1975 In 1947 came the merger with Magi seasonings and soups. Crosse & Black tumefy followed in 1950, as did Findus (1963), Libbys (1971) and Stouffers (1973). Diversification came with a sh atomic number 18holding in LOreal in 1974. 1975 -1981 snuggle made its second venture outside the food industry by acquiring Alcon Laboratories Inc.. 1981 -1996 clutch divested a number of channeles1980 / 1984. In 1984, go ups improved bottom soak up totallyowed the Company to launch a new round of acquisitions, the most important beingness Ameri drive out food giant Carnation. 1996+ The showtime half of the 1990s proved to be favorable for Nestle trade barriers crumbled and world markets developed into to a greater extent or less integrated trading areas. Since 1996 in that respect have been acquisitions including San Pellegrino (1997), Spillers Pet foods (1998) and Ralston Purina (2002). There were two major acquisitions in North America, both in 2002 in July, Nes tle merged its U.S. ice cream business into Dreyers, and in August, a USD 2. 6bn acquisition was announced of Chef America, Inc NESTLE TODAY Nestle is flat the worlds largest food company. It is present on five continents, has an annual turnover 70 billion Swiss francs ,runs 522 factories in 81 countries, 200operating companies, 1basic research center and 20 technological evolution group and more than 231,000 employees the world over. The Nestle factories are operating in the region of Africa America Asia Europe OceaniaBeing a company dedicated to food from the beginning, Nestle remains sensitive to culinary and eating habits, and responds to precise nutritional problems, whilst besides setting and taking into custodying new trends such as growing out-of-home consumption and sympathize with approximately the well being of its consumers.MISSION STATEMENT Nestle, believe that research posterior surgical process them make better food so that people live a better life. Good Fo od is the primary source of Good Health byout life. Nestle strive to bring consumers foods that are safe, of tall property and deliver the goods optimal nutrition to meet physiological needs.In addition to Nutrition, Health and Wellness, Nestle products bring consumers the vital ingredients of taste and pleasure. As consumers continue to make choices regarding foods and crapulences they consume, Nestle helps turn in selections for all individual taste and lifestyle preferences. Research is a key part of heritage at Nestle and an essential element of future. There is liquid a lot to discover about health, wellness and the role of food in lives, and continue to search for answers to bring consumers Good Food for Good LifeVISION STATEMENTThe Nestle ball-shaped vision is to be the leading health, wellness, and Nutrition Company in the world.NESTLE BRANDS At Nestle, products are developed keeping consumers, their preferences and health in mind. Millions of consumers the world ov er corporate trust Nestle products for good tenability when they choose a Nestle product they have the blessedness of choosing smell, taste, mannequin, convenience and the good nutrition. With over 140 historic period of follow out and expertise, Nestle take great pride in bringing us a portfolio of health and wellness beca engross happy, healthy consumers are important to Nestle.The ten principles of business surgerys Nutrition, Health and Wellness Nestle totality aim is to enhance the type of consumers lives incessantlyy day, everywhere by offering tastier and healthier food and beverage choices and encouraging a healthy lifestyle. Nestle express this viatheir corporate proposition Good Food, Good Life. Guided by their commission to Nutrition, Health and Wellness, they serve to add the nutritional value of their products while withal improving taste and enjoyment. Nestle also develop brand confabulation and information that encourages and empowers onsumers to make i nformed choices about their diet. Quality assurance and product precaution Everywhere in the world, the Nestle name represents a promise to the consumer that the product is safe and of spicy standard. Nestle commitment is never to compromise on the safety of any product. Their Quality Policy summarizes the essentials of their passion for excellenceto build trust by offering products and service that match consumer take careation and preferenceto comply with all internal and external food safety, regulatory and quality occupyments.Quality is everybodys commitment. Nestle continuously challenge theirselves in pose to constantly improve and achieve the highest levels of quality. It maintain the same high food safety standards in all countries in which they operate. They interpret the delivery of high quality products through their Quality Management transcription. Consumer communication Nestle is committed to responsible, reliable consumer communication that empowers consumers to exercise their right to informed choice and make headways healthier diets.They respect consumer privacy. Their core business strategy is built around helping consumers to have a balanced, healthier diet. The Nestle Consumer Communication Principles contain mandatory rules on marketing communication to all consumers, including accurate representation and portrayal of foods in a way that does non encourage over? consumption. In addition, specific principles guide their communication to children including no advertising or marketing activity to children under 6 familys of age.Advertising to children from 6 to 12 years is restricted to products that meet predetermined nutritional compose criteria, including clear limits on energy and healthsensitive ingredients such as sugars, salt, saturated fat and trans fatty acids. Human rights in business activities Nestle fully support the United Nations orbiculate Compacts (UNGC) guiding principles on human rights and labor and aim to ho character an vitrine of good human rights and labor practices throughout nestle business activities.Leadership and personal responsibility Nestle success is based on their people. It treat separately other with respect and dignity and expect everyone to promote a sense of personal responsibility. Nestle recruit competent and motivated people who respect their values, provide equal opportunities for their increment and advancement, protect their privacy and do not tolerate any form of harassment or discrimination. Nestle Management and Leadership PrinciplesNestle Management and Leadership Principles describe the culture and basic values they expect their employees to uphold, as well as the attributes needed to be successful in management and leadership Safety and health at flow Nestle is committed to preventing accidents, injuries and illness related to work, and to protect employees, contractors and others involved along the value chain. Nestle Policy on Safety and Health at Wo rk establishes safety as a non-negotiable priority of their culture.They recognize and require that everyone play an active role in providing a safe and healthy milieu, and promote awareness and knowledge of safety and health to employees, contractors and other people related to or impacted by their business activities by setting high standards. Nestle reminder their process through the Nestle Occupational Safety and Health Management System to assure a safe and healthy life. Supplier and customer relations Nestle require their suppliers, agents, subcontractors and their employees to demonstrate honesty, integrity and fairness, and to adhere to their non-negotiable standards.In the same way, they are committed to their own customers. The Supplier Code acknowledges requirements such as business integrity, sustainable operating and hoidenish practices, labor standards, safety, health and environmental . practices. Agriculture and rural training Nestle contribute to overtures in agricultural merchandise, the social and economic status of farmers, rural communities and in production systems to make them more environmentally sustainable.To ensure that their factories obtain raw materials competitively and at required quality and safety specifications Nestle engage in developing sustainable agricultural practices and systems that contribute to long-term production efficiency, viable incomes for farmers and the transfer of agricultural knowledge to suppliersNestle support the application of new technologies and advances in agricultural science, including the opportunities offered by bioscience when their positive effect on food safety, environment, agricultural practices and production efficiency are scientifically confirmed and accepted by consumers. Environmental sustainability Nestle commit themselves to environmentally sustainable business practices.At all stages of the product life cycle they strive to use natural resources efficiently, favor the use of sustainably managed renewable resources, and target zero waste. They invest continuously to improve their environmental performance. Water Nestle is committed to the sustainable use of urine and continuous improvement in piss management. It recognize that the world faces a growing weewee challenge and that responsible management of the worlds resources by all peeing users is an absolute necessity. Water is a particular area of focus for Nestle. The Nestle Commitments on Water set out their priorities nd objectives on responsible water usage. These are to continue their efforts to r extend the amount of water use in their trading operations, ensure that activities respect local water resources, ensure that the water they discharge into the environment is clean, engage with suppliers to promote water conservation, especially among farmers, and reach out to others on water conservation and access. Nestle is a founding signatory of the United Nations Global Compact CEO Water Mandat e. It monitor and improve water efficiency through their water resources management specialists and in their factories with their environmental Nestle specialists n line with the Nestle Environmental Management System. It recognize the right of all people to have access to clean water to meet their basic needs.SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths The first and the most important strength of Nestle is the name of company itself. They never compromise on quality. They produce quality products agree to the specification of customer. Their system of trade & sale promotion is also one of the strength of Nestle. In the area in which they want to sell the product they hold seminars and shows. In this area they monitor the sale and maturation the production.They try to convince ultimate consumer. The milk collection procedure of Nestle is also one of its strength. They collect milk from selected people and harbour its purity at the location. Then special transports take it to grind. Where they boi l milk at 140 degree centigrade and thitherfore cool it. This process is repeated for 3 to 4 times. There milk contains 3. 5% fat, which is recommended internationally. Weaknesses One of the weakness of nestle is the product range of Nestle. As there product line is very vast, so they cannot give equal attention toward the promotion of each product.We can take the example of candies produced by Nestle, they give absolutely no attention toward promoting them despite the fact that if we consider the trust people have on nestle brand there is a large market for candies, While they are promoting their milk products effectively. The reason behind this discrepancy is that they have limited budget to promote their products. The other weakness of Nestle is that the company has a very limited number of sales staff in the southern Punjab due to which they are losing some market. Opportunities Nestle can increase their share if they focus on lower put class.We can take the example of small pack of Every day tea whitener whose introduction increases the sales of nestle tremendously. The reason for this was that the price of Every Day tea whitener was with in the range of lower middle class. So, Nestle can increase its share by focusing on lower middle class. The other opportunity for Nestle is that if they introduced milk bottle like Candia and sell them directly to the customers they can increase their share. By selling directly to customers means that they provide milk to the people at their doorsteps. ThreatsIn Pakistan Nestle face threats from lower companies. We can take the example Haleeb and Dairy Queen. The sales of these products have badly affect the sale of Nestle take out Pack. Haleeb is well promoted than the Nestle Milk Pak. Nestle also face threat from Cadbury, which is multinational company. Cadbury sell candies and chocolates and it affect the sale of Nestle products in the field of candies Research & growth Nestles research and development centers have two primary objectives to create new products and manufacturing processes and to improve those that already populate.Along with product quality and safety, the conservation of resources and the preservation of the environment form an integral part of the development criteria for new projects. Research and development encompasses a long range of environmentally-related activities with emphasis on ? environmentally dense production techniques and sourcing criteria for agricultural raw materials ? processing methods that minimize water and energy consumption, as well as waste generation ? encase radiation diagrams that reduce total waste and enable environmentally sound disposal options while safeguarding product safety and quality innovative ways to recover by-products and and then generate secondary raw materials and energy. For important product or process innovation and renovation, Nestles research and development centers prepare an environmental impact study. This cover s significant aspects in the product life cycle, from the sourcing of raw materials, through processing, to the packet boatd consumer product and the end-life of the incase material. This study is carefully evaluated, in conjunction with detailed information on the potency manufacturing site, to ensure that new projects meet Nestles environmental standards.Of the 807 million Swiss francs spent in 1998 on Nestle R throughout the Group, a good part went towards enhancing the wholesomeness of our products. Additionally, these expenditures improved our production process, created better packaging, and avoided waste and unwanted residues.R IS MAKING A DIFFERENCE As an example, significant supercharge has been made in fresh years in energy and water intensive blanching and cooking operations. At the end of these processes water must be removed which resulted in wasted energy and raw materials vegetables or pasta for example.Now water is re leadd by steam at low pressure. As a result , water consumption was reduced by 80% and product losses during cooking were more than halved. This means lower costs for energy and for wastewater treatment, while at the same time increasing the product abide by 6%. In another example, extraction residues from the production of chicory-based instant drinks, which were expensive to dispose of, have been turned into a valuable animal feed ingredient. A recent processing improvement for french fries showed product quality can be significantly improved while also redeeming(a) energy.One conclusion of R is that what is good for the environment is often synonymous with good industrial practice. Preserving Species The disappearance of many species and varieties of animals and vegetations is a reality. Over the past few years, this screw has attracted increasing recognition and much is being done today to continue the earths biological diversity. industry plays an important role in these efforts since many business sectors be on n atures diversity for their sustainable success.Nestle, as the worlds largest single buyer of coffee and cocoa, lives up to its responsibility by developing the most advanced preservation techniques for many different coffee and cocoa varieties threatened by extinction. In addition, Nestle collaborates with public research institutes to share its experience and makes its results freely available. In the future, Nestle R&D units are determined to build environmental breastplate into products and processes right from the start. High on the agenda are integrated farming techniques involving minimal use of fertilizers and chemicals, and ecourse to biological pest control methods whenever possible. SUPPLY CHAIN Agricultural crank Materials In general, Nestle is not directly involved in the production of raw materials. Wherever possible, locally available raw materials are used.They are either obtained directly from producers or purchased through trade channels. Nestle applies the follow ing principles when sourcing raw materials ? all raw materials must meet both legal and internal quality criteria, including limits on possible environmental contaminants ? whenever possible, preference is accustomed to raw materials that are produced by environmentally sound farming methods (e. . integrated crop management) and ? farmers are encouraged to apply sustainable farming methods and, where appropriate, are provided with assistance in crop production and dairy farming.Such assistance includes the provision of recommendations for the conservation of natural resources (soil, water, air, energy, bio-diversity) and techniques for reducing environmental impact. Manufacturing Manufacturing comprises all processes that are necessary to transform perishable raw materials into safe and at rest food products for consumers. Nestle strives to achieve optimal performance in its manufacturing activities, including the nvironmental aspects. As such, the manufacturing practices of the G roup ? respect natural resources by emphasizing the efficient use of raw materials, water and energy ? ? ? minimize the use of environmentally-hazardous substances continuously seek improvement in the efficiency of production facilities and reduce waste generation and emissions as much as possible, consider recycling of waste a priority and dispose of non-recyclable waste in an environmentally sound manner.Regular environmental assessments of Nestles manufacturing practices are conducted to ? ? valuate mill performance limited review pulverisation compliance with applicable legislation and Nestles own standards ? fully investigate incidents that could affect the environment and take relevant measures and ? compare results with foregoing targets and set new improvement objectives. In addition, Nestle exchanges information on environmental protection technology and practices in order to ensure a entire use of best practices. Nestle encourages its contract manufacturers to use env ironmentally sound manufacturing practices.Environmental Performance of Our Factories Minimizing the environmental impact of our factories has always been a prime onsideration. Therefore, we periodically review environmental performance of the unblemished Nestle Group. The results are very encouraging ? ? Nestle has no major environmental problems. Nestle complies with relevant principles or, in a few exceptional cases, has initiated action to do so. ? Measures taken are proactive and often anticipate future regulations. Many times, measures taken to improve the environment also reduce costs. These surveys also allow us to put concrete figures to our efforts Over the past years, Nestle has invested an average of some 100 million Swiss francs per year in specific measures to protect the environment.This amounts to approximately 3% of total capital expenditure and includes only readily identifiable environmental investments. In addition, substantial amounts were expended as part of regular capital investment projects and grind environmental operating costs. Examples of these additional expenditures include environmental aspects related to factory construction and renovation, environmental gentility of personnel, and maintenance costs for wastewater treatment facilities.PackagingPackaging serves a major role in our daily lives. It protects food products from spoilage and ensures safety from manufacture through storage, distribution and consumption. Packaging may also provide tamper-evidence features. It communicates information, including nutritional information and serving instructions, and provides the convenience demanded by todays consumers. Nestle is committed to reducing the environmental impact of packaging, without jeopardizing the safety, quality or consumer acceptance of its products.It is Nestles objective to develop safe and wholesome packaged foods using the most efficient and appropriate packaging materials available, while, at the same time, pleasing consumer requirements and expectations. Nestle seeks packaging solutions that ? ? result in the lowest possible weight and volume of packages take into account new packaging materials and processes that reduce the impact on the environment ? avoid the use of substances that can adversely impact the environment during packaging production and disposal ? ecrease packaging waste at all stages, including package manufacturing, use and disposal ? ? increase the use of recycled materials wherever possible and increase the recyclability and compatibility of its packages with existing packaging waste management schemes. Regular assessments of Nestles packaging are carried out and action plans are implemented. Nestle supports industrial and governmental efforts to promote integrated waste management that takes into consideration matters such as source reduction, reuse, recycling, composting, energy recovery, and landfill.Nestle encourages suppliers of its packaging materials to adop t sound environmental practices. Packaging Source Reduction Packaging waste is one environmental issue that affects the entire consumer goods industry. However, the gap is wide amid reality and perception While food packaging accounts for less than 1% of total good waste in most countries, it is exceedingly visible to consumers. plane if the problem of food packaging is small in relation to overall environmental problems, it is nevertheless an important issue for Nestle. The most direct opportunity to educe the scale of the problem is to use as little material as possible. This is not a recent effort by the food industry. Over the survive four decades, between the 1950s and 1990s, the weight of a glass milk bottle has been reduced by 36%, a steel food can by 66%, and an aluminum beer can by 81%. Even though packaging source reduction has always been a consideration, we decided to pay back these efforts in a more systematic way. The first world-wide environmental packaging surv ey was completed in 1991 for the Nestle Group and has been repeated annually ever since.The last survey revealed that by the end of 1998, Nestle, without compromising product quality, reduced our use of packaging materials by nearly 150,000 loads compared to 1990. A few recent examples that underline Nestles efforts In Australia the Easter Egg Novelty cartons were reduced in size by altering the throw to provide support for the egg. The new design resulted in a 31% reduction in use of paper board. In Pakistan the Nestle NIDO package, which consisted of 4 bags in a display box, was replaced by an aluminium stand-up pouch. This resulted in a 39% reduction, or 47 tons, and saves 290,000 Swiss francs per year.In Indonesia the Nestle Dancow 200 and four hundredg display boxes were reduced in size by 18 and 25%, respectively. This resulted in a waste reduction of 38 tons and saved nearly 100,000 Swiss francs per year. In Columbia the display box for Maggi bouillon tablets was eliminated . This resulted in a reduction of 303 tons of packaging material and represented a savings of over one million Swiss francs per year. While important progress has already been achieved, we strive to continuously identify opportunities for further reduction. Distribution Distribution of products from the factory to the customer involves transport and storage.Efficient management of the distribution system is essential to preserve the safety and quality of Nestles products, to ensure a high level of customer service, and to meet its commitment to environmentally sound business practices. To this end, Nestle ? selects appropriate transportation modes, with particular attention given to optimum unit loads (pallets), vehicle-capacity utilization, roadway planning, and consolidation with outside partners, scheduling, and fuel conservation ? optimises warehouse and distribution center locations and environmentally efficient operational systems and ? dentifies and implements measures to r educe energy consumption and waste. Nestle encourages its distribution service providers to use environmentally sound practices. Distributing our goods from factory to retail centers consumes some 400 million liters of fuel each year. While we undertake every effort to reduce this, it is useful to put this figure into perspective the distribution of 10 kg of our products from factories to retail outlets in Europerequires an average of 0. 25 liters of fuel. To transport the same amount from the supermarket to home, consumers burn, on average, one to two liters of fuel. Efficient Container LoadingImproving transport efficiency benefits the environment, but it also makes economic sense. Seemingly simple measures, such as replacing bulky wooden pallets by thin, carton-type slip-sheets, have the potential to save more than 600 international truck journeys a year in our European operations alone. Optimizing shipping cases to fill transport vehicles without leaving gaps between differently shaped containers, together with optimal route planning, Nestle has already achieved substantial savings. Pioneering Rail Transport In countries with competitive railways, moving goods from road to rail is an effective option to reduce road congestion.For example ? Vittel has developed a specially adapted block train concept to supply its regional terminals in France. Vittel transports nearly half of its production, or over 930 million bottles per year, by rail. ? Our Swiss, and later the Austrian subsidiary, convinced the railways to offer overnight trains to bring goods from the national distribution centers to terminal stations for local deliveries by road. marketing Marketing is based on the principle of satisfying consumers needs. The overall trust of consumers in Nestles brands and products comes from a quality image that has been continuously strengthened for over 130 years.Nestle strives to increase this trust through its commitment to environmentally sound business practi ces. For this reason, Nestle ? opposes short-term, opportunistic green marketing that can mislead the consumer ? bases environmental claims in advertising, promotional material, labelling, and corporate communications on solid scientific evidence and ? selects materials and printing methods for merchandising materials such as consumer offers, in-store promotions, display materials, leaflet, and printed materials in light of environmental considerations.No unripe Marketing Nestle adheres to the Code on Environmental Advertising established by the International Chamber of Commerce. This Code is based on the principle of self- regulation and self-discipline and is intended to assist companies in making responsible use of environmental claims in advertising. Sustainable Development For Nestle, respect for the environment is part of a broader perspective on sustainable development. Nestle has adhered to The worry Charter for Sustainable Development of the International Chamber of Comme rce (ICC) since its publication in 1991.Measures for environmental protection often trigger beneficial economic and social effects, and vice-versa. Since the Rio Summit in 1992, all of society, be it governments, industry, NGOs or others, have tried to translate the sustainable development concept into reality. As part of this effort, we participate in the work of several systems bearing with this subject For example, we are a founding member of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) in Geneva, and we contribute actively in the Working Group Sustainable Development in the city of Vevey. Nestle Working with CommunitiesSouth Africa Nestle is supporting several community-based organizations in putting sustainable development into practice. Recently, in South Africa, we have given support to Eco Link and LEAP to finance and help manage programs which clean up the environment and improve hygiene in rural areas. The Eco Link project is aimed at providing assista nce through education. People are taught to collect litter such as paper, cardboard and cans, which when put in a trench and covered with a compost can then be used to whole caboodle vegetables. The litter provides the necessary drainage and moisture retention.The project has dual advantages it cleans up the environment and provides fresh vegetables for the family, as well as providing an income when pleonastic food is grown. This program is now being presented to school children who are encouraged to grow small gardens at school. In rural areas water supply is a major problem. Women can spend almost 5 hours a day collecting water for the home. In addition, the springs from which they take the water are often used by animals and can be polluted. Nestle is taking part in a project to help villagers establish a supply of clean water near to home.People were taught how to identify sources of underground springs and to channel rain water and store it in reasonably hygienic conditions. The team taught villagers how to construct a tank to pay off the rain water using corrugated iron and wire mesh as a mould which is then plastered with a cement, stone and grit mixture. With a wooden cover on top and a tap at the base the villagers have the means to store clean, drinkable water. Information, Communication & information Nestle provides information on its activities, including those related to the protection of the environment.Within this context, Nestle ? communicates its environmental efforts, both inside and outside the Company, to build understanding concerning its environmental commitment ? fosters impregnable environmental awareness and responsibility among its employees through prep programs and ? shares environmental information with governments, local communities, industry, consumers and other interested stakeholders. We do this through a wide variety of means. For example, our factory environmental surveys involve thousands of people at all levels, from top management to the factory floor.These practical exercises are reinforced by in-house magazines, specialized newsletters, and videos. To help educate the public, Nestle works with organizations that produce films on environmental issues, sponsor re-forestation programs, or create educational materials for the public. These activities are also important to our role in sustainable development. At our international training center in Switzerland, environmental issues are now a regular part of courses attended by Nestles international executives. These efforts are multiplied by countless training sessions organized by our Group companies.Internal communication and training are a priority for Nestle. As a people-driven company, employees are our most important asset. Thus, we emphasize all measures that help them act in an environmentally responsible manner. Legislation Nestle complies with all laws and regulations which apply to its activities, including those involving the environm ent. To promote an effective regulatory system with respect to the environment, Nestle ? participates in legislative and regulatory discussions between international organizations, government representatives, industry, the scientific community, and consumer associations ? ? supports appropriate voluntary initiatives designed to protect the environment fosters rational environmental laws and regulations opposes unjustified prohibitions and other discriminatory measures and ? favors the harmonizing of environmental laws, regulations and standards in order to eliminate existing and future trade barriers. Nestle Environmental Management System Nestle has made systematic efforts to account for environmental concerns of all its activities.In particular, we have appointed environmental officers, issued policies, conducted environmental surveys, reinforced training efforts, developed environmental communications, and made many innovations in our packaging. To complement and integrate these efforts, we created and implemented Nestles own Environmental Management System. The Nestle Environmental Management System (NEMS) is an essential corporate management tool that consolidates all organizational and technical measures taken by the Group to achieve environmentally sound business practices.The NEMS objectives include the following ? to provide a systematic approach that ensures compliance with Nestles environmental policy, applicable legislation and Nestles operational standards ? to ensure the continuous improvement of Nestles environmental performance, for example, through the conservation of natural resources and minimizing waste ? to achieve compatibility with international voluntary standards on environmental management systems, such as ISO 14001 and the European Union Eco-Management and size up system of rules and ? o build mutual trust with consumers, governmental authorities and business partners. The Nestle Environmental Management System is being implemented throughout Nestles entire operation. We believe NEMS will enhance our global performance and contribute to our competitiveness in the world market. NEMS in Action Germany First EMAS Registration of a Nestle Factory at Weiding, Germany On December 19, 1995, our factory in Weiding, Germany became the first Nestle factory in Europe to be registered in the European Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS).This means that Weidings environmental management system and public environmental statement have been examined and validated by an external, accredited verifier. Weiding Factory Greatly lessen Disposed Waste Even Prior to EMAS Employing around 900 people and producing more than 550 high-value products ranging from sister foods to condensed milk to chilled deserts, the Weiding factory is one of largest plants in Germany. The existence of a complete waste management scheme at the factory was of great assistance in developing the new environmental management system.As part of the develo pment of the environmental management system, environmental manuals were prepared both for the factory and Nestle Germany. These manuals provide the foundation of the system setting policies, principles, and management procedures related to the environmental aspects of the operations. In addition, a site-related environmental statement was published that included an invitation to dialogue addressed to employees, authorities, clients, suppliers, the media, and neighboring communities. The EMAS registration has been successfully repeated in 1998 and complemented with an ISO 14001 ertification. Following Weiding, several other Nestle factories throughout the world have succeeded in obtaining ISO 14001 certification and EMAS registration. NEMS in Action USA In 1996, the Danville, Virginia, USA factory was the first Nestle US factory to fully implement NEMS which is based on and consistent with ISO 14001 Danville has shown that good environment is also good business. In the first year o f implementing NEMS, the factory reduced solid waste by over 10% resulting in savings of $370,000 and reduced its wastewater impact and concentrations by 8%.These successes were made possible through the loyalty of the factory employees and a strong emphasis on training and awareness. The factory implemented an environmental training program as part of the new employee orientation and the semiannual environmental training for all employees. Waste Reduced Through NEMS NEMS Supports the Environment and Business Cumulative Savings The continuing nature of NEMS has facilitated similar accomplishments annually. To date, factory savings related to NEMS have exceeded $800,000 and solid wastes have been reduced by 41%.NEMS in Action Philippines Part of NEMS is ensuring a high degree of employee environmental awareness. As an example, Nestle Philippines, in slaying of NEMS, prepared through an interdisciplinary task force, a highly regarded environmental training program. This program is c ontinuously provided to groups of employees and highlights specific issues related to their job functions and protection of the environment. The success of this program is evidenced by the numerous awards received by Nestle Philippines manufacturing facilities.Most notable of these are ? Outstanding heavy Workplace deed over given by government agencies including the Department of Health, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, and the Department of Labor and Employment, to the Cabuyao and Lipa Factories in 1998. ? Mother Nature Award given by the Pollution Control Association of the Philippines in 1998. ? Anvil Award of Excellence given by the Public Relations Society of the Philippines for Nestles efforts in enhancing the environmental awareness of the public. Most Environment-Friendly Company Award given by the Laguna Lake Development Authority to three Nestle factories (Cabuyao, Aurora, and Alabang) in 1996. ? One of the Greenest Company Awards given by the DENR to th e Aurora factory in 1996. The water discharge from these facilities is of very high quality. Tilapia, a fresh water fish, often harvested for food, abundantly grows in the clarifying ponds and discharge canals of their treatment facilities. Nestle Pakistan Nestle MilkPak Limited (NESTLE MILKPAK LTD.L) was incorporated in Pakistan under the Companies Ordinance, 1984 & listed on Karachi and Lahore stock exchanges since 1980. Joint venture between Nestle Switzerland and MilkPak Limited came about in 1988. Nestle Pure Life was launched in Pakistan in 1998 REGIONAL SALES OFFICES Nestle has 10 Regional Sales Offices in all over the Pakistan. Karachi F 77/1, Block 7,Clifton, KDA Scheme 5,Karachi, Sind, Pakistan Phone (021) 5833935-6 Fax (021) 5833937 Hyderabad 178, Block C, Unit 2Latifabad, Hyderabad, Sind, Pakistan Phone (0221) 860403Fax (0221) 863202 Sukkur F 33/5 CWorkshop RoadSukkur, Sind, Pakistan.Phone (071) 615946Fax (071) 615946 Lahore 29-B, principal(prenominal) Gulberg,Lahor e, Punjab, PakistanPhone (042) 5754335-6, 5761484Fax (042) 515061 Quetta 63 B D, Chaman Housing Scheme, Opposite Askari Park Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan Phone (081) 834887Fax (081) 822297 Islamabad 74-W, Yaseen Plaza, 1st Floor, Blue Area, Islamabad, Pakistan Phone (051) 271874-75,824328, 824384, 274376 These offices work under their respective zonal offices Registered & somatic Office Is in Lahore 308 Upper Mall, Lahore PABX 5757082-95 Fax 5711820 Faisalabad House No. 4-Y-103 Madina Town,Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan Phone (041)726993Fax (041) 47438 Gujranwala Plot No 144-A, First Floor Satellite-Town Market, Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. Phone (055) 3733415 Fax (055) 3733415 Peshawar 201, 2nd Floor, City Tower, Jamrud Road, B Block,Peshawar, N. W. F. P. , Pakistan Phone (091) 840859, 842415Fax (091)45516 Multan Surij Miani Road, Chungi No. ,Multan, Punjab, Pakistan Phone (061) 515061Fax (061) 515061 Quetta 63 B D, Chaman Housing Scheme, Opposite Askari Park Quetta, Baluchista n, Pakistan Phone (081) 834887Fax (081) 822297 Islamabad 74-W, Yaseen Plaza, 1st Floor, Blue Area, Islamabad, Pakistan Phone (051) 271874-75,824328, 824384, 274376 These offices work under their respective zonal offices Registered & Corporate Office Is in Lahore 308 Upper Mall, Lahore PABX 5757082-95 Fax 5711 SALES ORGANIZATION HIERARCHY Managing Director IAN Donald Sales Director Zafar Hussain Shah zonal Sales Manager Ammad MalikRegional Sales Manager Abdul Mateen Khan Area Sales Manager 6 ASM Territory Incharge TI 14 Order Booker FACTORIES 250 Nestle has two factories in Pakistan for the production of different food items. One in Sheikhupura near Lahore and other in Kabirwala near Multan Product Design Product design can be defined as the idea generation, concept development, testing and manufacturing or implementation of a physical object or service The Nestle Pure Life water bottles themselves have a shaped design, sort of a hour-glass shape with larger top and bottom with inde nted waist.The bottom 1/3 of the bottle has ridged lines to help with hold and grip on the bottle There is a bright blue label strip that runs around quaint bottle design, developed by designers team, catchy self-adhesive and glossy label, and trendy name, give to the product the edge that is needed to be spotted on the shelves INFLUENCES UPON DESIGN ? Service Expected. ? Appearance ? Shipping Costs ? Cost to Manufacture ? consumer preferences Nestle Milkpak Ltd. As a consequence of joint venture arrangement between NestleS. A. of Switzerland and Milkpak Ltd.In 1988, the existing production facility of Milkpak in Sheikhupura became a part of Nestle Milkpak. The Milkpak Sheikhupura factory had commenced operations in1981 as a producer of UHT milk. By 1988, it had expanded its operation and was also producing butter, cream, Desi ghee all under the brand name of MILKPAK and juice drinks under the brand name FROST. Conscious of the large food market that Pakistan offered, Nestle Milkp ak displace up ambitious expansion plans. While re-organizing and re-enforcing the production of existing brands, it lost no time in giving shape to new production lines.The first to come was a milk gunpowder plant, which not only began producing NIDO in 1990but was also critical to the production of several milk-based products in the future. With the installation of the roller withered in1990, the first such product to come was CERELAC an internationally recognized brand on infant cereal, followed by LACTOGEN 1 & 2 in 1991. The year 1992 saw the introduction of tea whitener EVERYDAY and milk powder in bulk fisticuffs named GLORIA. MILO and NESLAC came under production in 1994 and MILO RTD, In 1995. Local packing of coffee mixes under the name of NESCAFE 3 in 1commenced the same year.In 1996, Nestle Milkpak Ltd. first confectionery plant of POLO Mint was installed and the line of NESTLE PURE ORANGE JUICE was also added. Packaging of coffee under the brand name NESCAFE CLASSIC w as under taken the same year. In 1997 NESTLE WHEAT and two variants of POLO viz. strawberry and Orange were introduced. 1998 has been, by far, the most outstanding year for Nestle Milkpak. As a result of the timely implementation of major expansion plans, involving a substantial capital outlay, no less than 17 products were launched during the year.Significantly, the factory now houses three new flavors of POLO in addition to two flavors of POLO, namely Black current and Strong Mint brought the number of POLO variants to five. A new variant Lemony was added to the range of usual FROST fruit drink flavors and a new 1-liter packing of FROST was introduced. Three flavored milk Vanilla, Strawberry and Mango, under the brand FRESH & FRUITY, came under production on the new Tetra weft Machine equipped with the modern slim format. MILO RTD and UHT Cream were also shifted over to this new format.A flexible confectionery line for the manufacture of a wide range of high and low boiled sweet s and toffees was commissioned, with TOFFO and two variants of SOOTHERS Menthol Eucalyptus and Honey Lemon, being the maiden products. Nestle Milkpak also contracted to supply dairy mixes to McDonalds, for its popular soft serves and milk shakes. And to top it all, the most prestigious project, NESTLE PURE LIFE was also commissioned in December1998. based on the latest water treatment and bottling technology, this marked the entry of Nestle Milkpak in the Pakistan water market.In the past, Indus Fruit Products Ltd. has been co-processing fruit physiqueing for Nestle Milkpak. In view of the growing needs of fruit pulp for its products as well as for exports, Nestle Milk pak entered into a 5-year lease agreement with the management enables Nestle Milkpak to put in place its own systems to ensure better product quality and capacity utilization. The new cold sauces production line has been established at this plant. ESTABLISHMENT OF NESTLE MILKPAK, KABIRWALA FACTORY In 1986 Milkpak Lt d. acquired the services of Kabirwala Dairy Ltd. For co packing of UHT milk under the brand name MILKPAK.Nestle Milkpak acquired KDL in 1990 as a subsidiary and began installation on a MAGGI NOODLES plant in 1991. this production line became operational in 1992 with two flavors Chicken and Masala. This second milk powder plant was commissioned in September 1996. the plant produces NIDO, GLORIA and skim milk powder. The UHT line was discontinued in June 1996 and the same year witnessed the launching of the MAGGI YAKHNI linewith 3 flavors Chicken, Masala and Chatpata. With the merger of this factory with Nestle Milkpak in April 1997,Kabirwala Factory, as it is now called, is a fully owned unit of Nestle Milkpak Ltd.In February 1999 the newly installed evaporator came on stream in Kabirwala Factory, doubling the output of the spray dryer. Alongside, the warehouse capacity at Kabirwala to handle the increased volumes of finished products was proportionately increased. 1999 also saw the installation of a pouch-filling machine, making Kabirwala Factory independent from Sheikhupura . YEAR 1981 1983 1986 UHT Milk Butter Milk Desi Frost PRODUCT NAME Pak Cream Ghee Juice Milk Pak UHT Milk 1990 Nido Cerelac 1991 Nestum Lectogen 1992 Everyday Gloria Maggis Noodles Tea Whitener 1994 Milo Neslac 1996Nestea Polo Nescafe Classic Maggi Yakhni 1997 Nestle Wheat 1998 Toffo Soothers Nestle Pure Life 1999 Maggi Fruit Butter Skotch Sauces Drops 2001 Nescafe Creamy Flavors Cream milk powder Nestle Milkpak Ltd. Market Leader Nestle Milkpak Ltd. is the market leader in food and beverage industry. They are producing high quality well known brands. There is no such competitor that can compete Nestle Milkpak Ltd . in its total product mix. There are a few local competitors of the company in different product item. These competitors are Rafhan Rafhan is competing Nestle in infant and follow up cereals.Shezan and Bambino Shezan and Bambino is competing Nestle Milkpaks local brand Frost. CD L and Adar-e-kisan These two competitors are competing in milk and milk powder products. In spite of this competition, Nestle Milkpak Ltd. is enjoying about 70-75% market share in Pakistan. DIVISIONS OF NESTLE MILK PAK ltd. Production Division Quality asst Department Brand judicious production departments Marketing Division Customer Relation Department Distribution Department Research & Development Milk Collection Division Agriculture service Department Logistic Department HR Division Personnel departmentFinance Division Treasury department OBJECTIVES OF NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. ? The major objective of the company is to sell high quality, innovative and superior products which satisfy needs and wants of consumers. ? ? Nestle not maximize profit through high market share but use satisfaction of consumer. The health of consumer and employees is at primary priorities ? Nestle provide the pollution free enviroNestle Milkpak ltd. ent and provide the medical facilities ? ? Nestle establish p olicies, programs and practices to conduct operation in an enviroNestle Milkpak ltd. ntally sound manner. Nestle operate to achieve highest standard of ethical conduct, which acquire companys activities and relationship world-wide in each business sector. ? Nestle aim to deal only with reputable suppliers who willing to apply Nestle Quality Standard. ? Nestle has been committed to enviroNestle Milkpak ltd. entally sound business practices throughout the world. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. The top management of Nestle MilkPak continuously carries on environmental scanning and within the environmental trends.Opportunities & opportunities they carry on required adjustments in their organization to remain shifting and to survive in the face of competition. CORE COMPETENCIES Nestle Milk Pak has the following core competencies. WORK FORCE Nestle Milk Pak has a small work force as their most of the operations are automated. They have a very skillful and trained workforce. FACI LITIES The NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. s facilities i. e. offices stores and plants are very well located and have the requisite capabilities, which is a big competitive advantage for them.SYSTEM AND TECHNOLOGY Nestle Milkpak ltd. is an organization which heavily depends upon new systems and technologies to excel in the market. The organization is well equipped with new developed systems and technologies especially in their operations COMPETITIVE PRIORITIES Following are the competitive priorities of NESTLE MILKPAK LTD.. Consistent quality Development speed Volume flexibility QUALITY Quality is the cone competitive priority of NESTLE MILKPAK LTD.. They take quality in two ways. High performance design and consistent quality. CONSISTENT QUALITYNESTLE MILKPAK LTD. pays special attention for maintaining consistent quality. They have special sort of equipments and process which facilitates in maintaining a consistent quality. So the each and every unit of its product equally satisfies its custo mers. DEVELOPMENT SPEED As for as develop speed is concerned NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. is the industry leader not only in Pakistan but all over the world. They have a team of very innovative people which consistently focus on the development of new products and to improve the already existing products. VOLUME FLEXIBILITYVolume flexibility is one of the competitive priority of NESTLE MILKPAK LTD.. When the availability of Milk is high in pass season they increase their production as the milk cannot be stored for longer period of time. In season when there is shortage of milk their production rate dropped. So they can adjust their volume of production according to their requirements. FLOW STRATEGY Flow strategy is one of the primary element of operations strategy. establish on competitive priorities a flow strategy is selected. It specifies has the operations system to be organized and handled.For different set of products different flow strategies can be implemented. LINE FLOW STRATEGY NE STLE MILKPAK LTD. has adopted the line flow strategy here the system is organized around the product. In this strategy all products follow linear pattern in facility. NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. has high volume production with highly automated facility and huge capital investment is there and the standardized products they produce. So they follow the line strategy. STRATEGIES BASED ON FLOW Following are the flow based strategies adopted by NESTLE MILKPAK LTD.. rush TO STOCK STRATEGY NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. ollows the make to stock strategy. They have high volume production and the demand for their products can be forecasted quite well, there exist repetition of work and a consistent quality is kept up(p) all these priorities lead to make to stock strategy. STANDARDIZED SERVICE STRATEGY The products which are provided by NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. are standardized. Therefore the standardized service strategy also exist in NESTLE MILKPAK LTD. Ltd. They have standardized and consistent quality products . performance PROCESS Milk Collection & Reception Storing Standardization De-CreamingCooling Spray drying Evaporation Pasteurization Packing MILK COLLECTION Milk Collection system of Industry is excellent. According to this system the companies trucks reach 140000 milkmen and collect milk daily. The milkmen provide milk on contract basis. Prices of milk vary in case of self-collection and contract basis. On milk center price of milks is paid at Rs. 5. 80 per liter at 6% Fats. If the quality of fat is less than required 6% then price will be paid less proportionately. Percentage of FAT in Various Kinds of Milk. Buffalo 6% Fat Cow 3. 5% target 3% Sheep 6% Human 3. 5%At milk collection centers, Gerber Test in done for the determination of Fat. Companies are bounded to maintain 3. 5%Fats under pure Food Laws. It is legal requirement throughout the world Milk collection system of Nestle Milk Pak is excellent. According to this system milk is collected from area of about 72,000 km . Vil lage Milk centers Sub centers Main Centers 2273 583 23 On milk centers price of milk is paid according to percentage offers. If the quality of fat is less than required (6%) than price will be paid accordingly. At milk collection centers, gerber test is performed for determination of fat.In milk collection centers temperature of milk is kept at 4oC. Nestle purchase milk directly few frames, there is no middle man. Collection Areas are in all over Punjab Nestle Milk Pak divide the areas in following Categories ? ? ? ? Sahiwal, Burewala, Okara etc. Pindi Bhattian, Chaniot, Sarghoda Kabir Wala, Mian Channu, Shorkot, Kahane wal, Kacha KHU Bahawalpur , Bahawalnagar, Chistian, Ahmadpur There are Area collection managers, Milk collection Cocoordinators and Milk Collection Supervisors in each Area for collection of specific amount of Milk in specific time. RECEPTIONFrom milk collection centers milk is collected and delivered to factory daily seal of tankers are properly decided. Receiving c apacity of milk is 60,000 liters. At reception following tests are performed before storing milk to assure the quality of milk. 1. inebriant precipitation test 2- Clot an boiling 3- Fat (5. 8% 6%) 4- SNF (Solid non fat) (8. 5-8. 9) 5- PH test (6. 8 6. 9 Up to reception temp of milk is about 8-10oC, there is no rejection on temperature basis. Trollers are not preferred to stay more than 1. 75 Hrs. in factory so that they can in time collect milk for next day.STORING OF MILK Milk is stored in storage tanks called Silos. The capacity to store milk is 596 tons. There are 5 Silos of100 tons each, 2 Silos of 10 tons each, 1 Silo of 70 tons. Milk can be stored for 36 Hours in Silos. STANDARDIZATION All the animals have different physical composition of fats in their milk indifferent seasons. Standardize milk according to the recipe milk is given temperature of 72oC for 15 seconds to reduce bacterias in milk, this process is called thermization life of milk is increased by this process and in standardization composition of fats and SNF are standardized.DE-CREAMING In this process dirt particles, SNF and cream is separated, milk is given temp of 60oC and 60,000 rpm in de-creamer. So that dirt particles cream can be separated. Cream is send to butter section. Dirt is drained after 30 seconds milk is send for further processes. PASTEURIZATION In This Process milk is heated at 92 oC for 5 seconds to remove remaining bacterias. Milk powder process activities aft(prenominal) pasteurization milk to treated for conversion into powder, following activities are performed to milk Evaporation a) Low heat treatment Milk is heated at high pressure of 889 milli bar so that it start boiling at about 70 oC . (b)4-effect falling film Milk is evaporated in 4 effect system. Milk is evaporated about 56%, 62%, 67% and 75% after 1st 2nd 3rd and 4th effect respectively. after 3rd effect Homogenization is done which uneven composition of fats and SNF is homogenized Spray drying In this p rocess there are 5 lateral high pressure nozzles which exert high pressure on milk after that there which exert high pressure on milk after that there are about 50% water and 50%solids are remained in milk.After this step about 320oC hot air is thrown on milk, it is very straightaway process in which powder settle in base and moisture evaporate in forms of vapors. Central lecithination Lecithinate is sprayed on powder so that it is converted into highly dissolvable powder. That way Nestle Milk Pak say Nido is instant Milk (easily dissolvable in hot ad cold water). Drying After all these procuress comfort powder has 5. 5 % moisture in it, Powder is dried through xEgran System to reduce moisture level up to 3. 1% Cooling After drying there is a cooling process, in which powder is cooled before storing.Storing of powder Powder is stored in bins there are 40 bins. Packing Milk is jam-packed in different packing according to the weight required, form tote tilting station from bins. Ca pacity Capacity is the maximum rate of output for a facility. The operations manager must provide the capacity to meet current and future demands otherwise the organization will miss the opportunities for growth & profits. Capacity planning is calling of top management and it is long term . In flush season when milk is abundantly available they utilize capacity 100% as cleaning time is just 4 hours daily and 20 hours for working.Installed capacity in NIDO plant is 560 tons, it produces 4 tons / Hours & in 20 working hrs it can produce 80tons per day. In summer when availability of milk is lower they have their annual shut down (June). They have training session for employees and vacations in that time. There are certain standards for labor utilization. Efficiency of employees is calculated daily. LOCATION Facility location is the process of determining a geographic site for a firms operations. Nestle Pack has located one of its factories at KabirwalaREASONS FOR SELECTING THIS LOCA TION PROXIMITY TO SUPPLIERS AND RESOURCES This factory has been located in this area because here the supply of milk is more than the requirement of the local area. This factory location is immensely surrounded by Agricultural farms, villages and small towns. The people o f these areas have their own animals and the feudal of the region have their own live stock farms. So there is abundant milk available. Furthermore, by locating one factor y at Sheikhupura and the other at Kabirwala the Nestl MilkPak can cover the geographic area of milk collection very well, especially the area of whole Punjab.REPUTATION OF THE LOCATION Placing of the factory at Kabirwala is also advantageous in this way that at the current place there was actually the factory in the name of Kabirwala Dairies Ltd. (KDL). So the place has thereputation of having a milk factory. The suppliers of milk are already oriented with this location. PROXIMITY TO NATIONAL HIGHWAY Kabirwala factory is quite closer to National Highways so the transportation of crank Material and Finished Goods is also easier. In the end we can say that the most important and critical factor for locating the facility at this place is the availability of the milk in this area.SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Supply Chain Management seeks to synchronize a firms functions and those of its suppliers to match the flow of materials ,services and information with customer demand. A basic purpose of supply Chain management is to control inventory by managing the flows of materials. TYPES OF INVENTORIES Following types of inventories are kept by Nestle Milkpak Kabirwala RAW MATERIALS Raw Material inventory of Nestle MilkPak consists of milk. Their Raw Material is kept in Silos . Silos are the big tanks, which are used to store the milk.Inventories of their raw materials cannot be maintained in bulk quality and for a longer period of time. The factory can store the milk up to 596000 liters. They have five silos for storing the milk all have different capacities. The milk can remain there for the period of 36 hours without loosing quality. WORK IN PROCESS INVENTORIES Work in process inventories are not to huge. Whatever they put into production they stop production after its completion if there is no unusual break down. The unpacked goods inventory can be considered as the WIP inventory. The condensed milk is stored in Bins.Bins are the big boxes in which the milk powder is stored before packing it. hen through an automatic plant the milk is packed. The butter is stored in huge tubs. From where that is packed through the automatic. FINISHED GOODS INVENTORY Inventories of packaging material can also be included in WIP inventories. The packing material is purchase externally. The supplier of packing material is packag