Consumer Behavior In Malaysia Marketing Essay

Consumer Behavior In Malaysia grocery come ining EssayAs many researchers receive been asserted that good come in compute of retail put ins able mean the success or failure of the business. This review will focus on the variables that the further study will centre on. This focus and old research conclusions will be include in the chapters of the memory image where the variables be integrated.2.1 Consumer Behavior in MalaysiaMalaysias consumer lifestyle has been evolving and changing due in voice to rising affluence and education levels. High profile international retailers and the global mass media have also played a hand in defining consumer-buying behavior. Malaysians are becoming to a greater extent westernized, sophisticated and cosmopolitan.Malaysians spend a high percentage of their household income on food, groceries and personal care items, ranking third let on of the ten major economies in the Asia-Pacific region (excluded Japan). harmonise to ACNielsen, Malaysi ans on average spent MYR505 per month on food and groceries, with just under half of that on fresh food like meat, fruits and vegetables.Since the emergence of the foreign-owned hypermarkets, Malaysians who live in urban areas have become accustomed to shop for groceries at hypermarkets and supermarkets. Meanwhile rural peck continue to purchase from traditional grocers, convenience stores and mini-marts.High and middle-income households spend most of their money at hypermarkets, fol broken ined by supermarkets and traditional grocery stores. The high-income group has household income of more(prenominal) than MYR3500 per month.2.2 retail caudex Growth and EvolutionLarge-size store becomes a trend in the global. Hypermarkets are one of the manifestations of organized retail. Srivastava (2008) observes that organized retailing, globally, has played a major role in nations GDP and employment. According to Srivastava, the ratio (composition) of organized versus traditional retailing is increasing in countries such as the US (8515), Taiwan (8119), Malaysia (5545), Thailand (4060), Indonesia (3070), china (2080), and India (397). The data in parenthesis describes the organized versus traditional ratio of retailing for each country.Offering large premises with both food and non-food items, everyday low prices (EDLP), and large car parks the hypermarket format has been in existence for more than 35 years since the inauguration of Carrefour (the first French hypermarket) on 15 June 1963 (Roberts, 2005). The phenomenal success of hypermarkets in France stirred other formats so adversely that certain legal restrictions were imposed on them. To counter the restrictions, the internationalization of French hypermarkets began in the 1970s, when Carrefour went global to countries such as Spain, Brazil and Argentina (Roberts, 2005). Carrefour along with other leading French chains such as Euromarche, Auchan and Leclerc later marked their presence in the US market too am ongst 1985 and 1993 (Roberts, 2005).The evolution of hypermarkets was quite revolutionary and their growth rate far surpassed the traditional formats in polar parts of the world. In Spain, the number of traditional outlets dedicated to the retail food business fell by almost 50% between 1980 and 1995, where hypermarkets and supermarkets reckon 6 and 11 respectively during that period (Flavian and Polo, 1998). In a similar manner, Taiwans traditional farmers markets disappeared at rates between 3-5% per year with the opening of at least(prenominal) 100 new supermarkets and 50 new hypermarkets all over Taiwan between 1988 and 1996 (Chang and Tu, 2005). Supermarkets and hypermarkets almost doubled to 941 from 544 in the Czech Republic too, in a time span of seven years, acquiring 55% of total retail sales (Healey Baker, 2002).2.3 Store Formats2.3.1 HypermarketHypermarket has clearly emerged as one of the most important retailing entity in most countries, offsetting the traditional and supermarket (Barros, 2006).Malaysian had her first hypermarkets opened for business in 1994. According to the Economic Transformation Programme announced in October 2010, Malaysia has 121 hypermarkets, included Giant, Tesco, Carrefour, Mydin. The general rule for one hypermarket is for every 250,000 people.The evolution of the various retail formats, in one way or the other, customers benefit by having greater gateway and choice. The concept of all the items under one roof has been submitted to different customers and have brought some changes in their predilections and behavior. With the presence of hypermarkets, customer expectations have changed and their importance to the acquisition have been affected (Oruc N, 2005) Terblanche and Boshoff, 2004 Vignali et al., 2001). Expectations and preferences, was different in different cultural environments, the study aimed to study the perceptions of consumers and their preferences on the store image of traditional wet markets and hy permarkets.2.3.2 Traditional Wet MarketA traditional wet market is an open food market, it is also called as traditional market (Wordie, 2002). The main features of the market have been traditionally associated with a place that sells live animals. The raw meat may include poultry, fish, reptiles, and so on. Depending on the region, the animals are commonly caged and killed for the preparation. Fresh fruits and vegetables are also available. Wet markets usually include butchers and fish markets, which are in a separate section of the fruit and vegetable stalls.The highest hygiene standards of supermarkets have forced many traditional markets to hold in the interior. In general, the owner of a wet market, owns and maintains the building. The stalls are rented to retailers, who buy and sell their products independently. This is in contrast to a hyper store operated by a single company.In 2011, a total of 23 traditional wet markets and 3075 stalls inside the traditional wet markets i n Penang Island are belong to Penang municipal Council (Majlis Perbandaran Pulau Pinang, MPPP).2.4 Store imageStore image can be described as a concept of the way of consumers see a store in their mind, regarding touchable or untouchable attributes. It is a way of the store being defined in the consumers mind, partly is functional qualities of the store and partly is the atmosphere of psychological attributes of the store (Martineau, 1958). The store image will affect the shoppers buying behavior and this was a conceptualization with included store attributes by the researchers (James et. Al, 1976). Besides that, store image is also described as the concept of combination of consumers or shoppers perceptions of a store on different attributes (Bloemer and Ruyter, 1998).There are several researchers ever tested to identify the store attributes as these are the foundation of the overall image of the store. According to Lindquist (1974), store image have 9 elements, included vending, c onsumer, facilities, service, comfort, promotion, atmosphere, institutional and institutionalize transaction satisfaction. Later on, Doyle and Fenwick (1974) simplified and categorized the store image to 5 elements price, product, variety, styling and location. While addition attributes of parking facilities and friendly personnel has been put forward by Bearden (1978). According McGoldrick (1990), the image is the indicator of the asset value of the branding, it corresponds with the long-run result of retailing activities. The understanding of the relationship between image and buying behavior of consumers are very important for better strategies in attracting consumers.2.5 Consumers perception On Store Image2.5.1 Variety of GoodsThe main attraction of the retail store is the trading of the goods. According Lindquist (1974), the main components of trading goods are quality, variety and selection of the goods. The stores which deliver the goods variety of goods will never lose its attraction. According Golledge et al. (1966), assortment or variety of the goods offers shoppers with more choices and enhances the ability of the stores to satisfy their needs. This makes them unnecessary to visit different stores to fulfill their needs. Based on this reason, a large size of stores such as supermarket or hypermarket has gain in the retail sector, this kind of store able provide variety choice to consumers and makes them has benefit in reducing their time in visiting different stores (Huff, 1962). Thus, the stores which are able to provide variety and assortment of goods and services have their advantage to attract more consumers and to be preferred by the consumers as well.2.5.2 Store AtmosphereAtmospheric of a retail store is a very important element. Atmospherics of retail store is the effort to figure of speech retail environments to adopt specific emotional effects in the consumer that enhance his buying probability (Kotler, 1974). Ghosh (1994) found that a tmospherics of store refers to the environment that is brought about by a twin(a) visual display of goods and the ease of accessibility and mobility within the retail store. Moreover, Donovan and Rossiter (1982) assert that the physical surrounding will produce an emotional reaction and directly affected the consumers buying behavior. Thus, atmospheric of store becomes a strategy of the retailers, providing a favorable environment with spacious space, clean and comfortable, lighting and so on to affected obtain behavior of consumers. Thus, atmospheric of store is a key factor in stimulating consumers perception and retail store with attractive atmosphere increase preference of consumers.2.5.3 Quality of ServiceConsumer patronage of retail stores often extends beyond the impact of the acquisition of goods. Bitner et al. (1994) describes the visiting of consumer to retail stores usually considers as a recreational military action whose dignity is enhanced by the level of service wi thin the store. Thus, the quality of service has great affected to the consumers buying behavior (Shycon, 1992). As describe by Lindquist (1974), service includes giving information of goods, answering to consumer question, showing the goods location and so on. With providing this kind of service, consumers are able to find the goods and service in the retailer store in shorter time. Reynolds and Beatty (1999) asserted that service or retail store is to strengthen the relationship between retail store and consumer, it encourage them prefer to visit the store again in the future.2.5.4 Accessibility of Retail StoreRetail stores that are ease on accessible able to reduce the travel time between home and stores. Consumers time and effort in obtaining the service convenience will influence their buying behavior (Grewal et al., 2002). Eppli and Shilling (1996) described the easier the retail store be accessible, the more preferred by the consumers. The location of retail store can be dete rmined whether the establishment of the store success or failure. Retail stores that provide car parks may have larger catchment to adjacent area to the consumers who own private vehicle, as Lindquist (1974) assert that accessibility as having a handy location and this includes parking facilities. While stores which are equipped bus stops will increase the accessibility as well. Thus, better accessibility of retail store able to reduce the travel time and fewer barrier is likely to be preferred by consumers.2.5.5 Price of GoodsCompare to the promotion and goods variety, the influences of price to consumer shopping behavior have less important (Fox et al., 2004). On the other hand, Sieder and Costley (1994), assert a different point of view, they observed that pricing is a major determinative of store choice in the retail store shopping context. According to their study, the result reported that perception of goods pricing inter-related with their preference in choosing a store. in timately of the consumer will take consideration of the pricing of the goods before going to shop at a particular retail store. Price is a determinant in store choice and to be a key factor of patronage motivations, this study was also linked the pricing policies to consumers perception and shopping behavior.2.5.6 Quality of GoodsRetail stores have an image of providing goods in better or lower quality and have influenced the decision which is made by consumer as where to go (Schiffman et al., 2007). The pricing of the goods is inter-related with design of the physical environment of the retail store, product variety, and service and so on. Alba et al. (1994) assert that a study of comparative pricing strategies found that buyers prefer to buy in the store that offers discount on a smaller number of products (for example, the frequency of price advantage) that have lower prices for overall compare to a store which is oblation bigger discounts on a small number of items (eg, the mag nitude of price advantage).2.5.7 Store DisplaysStore displays were in purpose for promotion in older time. Nowadays, the store displays have new role for effective displays. Bell and Ternus (2002) described that store displays have been discovered new role in displaying product information, helping the shopper in making decisions, and creating attractive shopping environment.

A Good Man is Hard to Find Essay -- essays papers

A Good Man is laborious to FindThesis Bailey and his family discover the big(a) way just how ironic life flush toilet be.A Good Man is Hard to FindIn A Good Man is Hard to Find Flannery OConner tells the story of a family in route to their Florida spend and the trouble the grandmother gets them in. The grandmother does not want to go to Florida on vacation and tries many methods of changing her son, Baileys mind. Although she tries many methods, none of them have the effect on him she desires. Bailey is as stubborn as his mother, completely shutting the door on every proposition his mother makes. When she finally makes some progress in delaying their travels things go horribly. Bailey and his family discover the hard way just how ironic life can be. The grandmother uses many excuses for the family to go to Tennessee instead of Florida on vacation. The first of her many excuses is The Misfit, a serial killer that has escaped from prison and is headed toward Florida, claiming that she would never take her children anyplace near a man like that. This didnt have the desi...

Lab Report Of The Cells :: essays research papers

IntroductionThe Cell, the fundamental structural unit of all living organisms. several(prenominal) kiosks ar complete organisms, such as the unicellular bacteria and protozoa, others, such as nerve, liver, and muscle cells, are specialized comp nonpareilnts of multicellular organisms. In another words, without cells we wouldn&8217t be able to live or function correctly. There are brute Cells and Plant Cells. In Biology class the other day we analyze the Animal Cell. We were split into groups of our own and we individually picked a different animal cell slide to observe. My group chose the slide, Smeared Frog Blood . The Animal Cell is a little bit different than the Plant Cell for only a couple of reasons. One is how the Plant Cell has a cell wall and the Animal Cell doesn&8217t. The cell wall protects and gives structure to the cell. Then there is the Nucleus, which serves as a control center for the cell. Inside the Nucleus there are one or more Nucleoli. They are dense, gran ular bodies that disappear at the beginning of cell division and reappear at the end. Then you have the Cytoplasm. This is the watery veridical lying within the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus. The Cytoplasm also contains organelles, which have specific functions in the cell metabolism. Then there are the Golgi Bodies, which serve as processing, packaging, and storage for the cell. These organelles package and ship things out. Another parts of the cell, a very important one in fact, are the Lysosomes. These organelles are apply to break things down and contain enzymes.MethodFirst we placed the slide under the simple microscope and observed it at ten quantify magnification level. We each took turns looking. We then copied them as drawings into our Cornell notebooks. After that we changed the magnification to fifty times and observed the slide. We each took turns looking. We then copied what we saw into our Cornell notebooks. After that we changed the magnification l evel to sixty times and we each took turns looking at the slide. We then copied what we saw into our Cornell notebooks and sat down together. When we were all done drawing we spoke about what we seen and gave each other ideas on how to write our Lab Reports.ConclusionIn conclusion I have noticed that without cells we wouldn&8217t be able to function or neither without cell theory because we would not know how to treat our body or our cells.

Social Responsibilities :: essays research papers fc

Social Responsibilities 1.Health Aspecta.Find better slipway to cut down on fat and caloriesIs Starbucks adding to the growing weight problem with Ameri give the gate society? You be the judge. I personally was shocked at the nutritional facts on their products (Figure 1). Some fast food places offer healthier products than some of the Starbucks products (Figure 2). The nutritional facts circled in red in figure 1 and figure 2 shows that one cup of Starbucks Pumpkin Spice Crme with whip is less nutritional than an entire meal at McDonalds. Imagine what the nutritional facts would tone the like if you included a Classic Coffee Cake with your coffee beverage (Figure 1.2)The Starbucks nutritional values listed below are not completely accurate as shown in the following statement The nutrition information for beverages is based on Starbucks standardized beverage recipes. Because each of our beverages is handcrafted and may be customized, some variation can be expected. The data is ca lculated using ESHA Researchs Genesis R&D software. All data is rounded to meet current unify States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) packaged foods labeling regulations.Works cited (http//www.starbucks.com/retail/nutrition_info.asp)This means that depending on your taste, the fat content and calories could be more than what is shown in the chart.Figure 1 Starbucks Nutritional Facts (Beverages)(http//www.starbucks.com/retail/nutrition_info.asp)Figure 1.2 Starbucks Nutritional Facts (Food Items)(http//www.starbucks.com/retail/nutrition_freshfood_detail.asp)Figure 2 McDonalds Nutritional Facts(http//app.mcdonalds.com/bagamcmeal)What is Starbucks planning to do to lower fat and calories in their products? Starbucks is offering non-fat draw and soy to help trim down the fat and calories. The alternative ingredients do alter the flavor a bit, so it may not be the weft of most customers. b.Advertise to public about fat content of their productsIt seems like Starbucks doesnt want t he general public to really know how bad the nutritional facts are right up front in their stores. If you walk into a Starbucks store you see mostly pictures of some of their least nutritional coffee beverages because they look the most appetizing. I think if more people knew how bad Starbucks products were they would see a significant reduction in revenue. This would be especially true with todays low carb, low fat health trends.Starbucks does however provide a nice nutritional facts chart on their website, but who is looking at the website while ordering anyway? So as far as I can tell Starbucks plans on feeding Americas attractive tooth and will continue to fatten them up.

Joshua Gaugler Essay -- essays research papers

The Concert of a LifetimeThe concert has begun after a fifteen minute delay caused from the powder ascorbic acid that started early on in the day and continued through the evening. There I stood up in front of the small crowd on this snowy Sunday evening. I glanced out upon the crowd as the piano picked up speed and intensity. I knew that I was about to strike that F chord in a few measures. I quickly removed the moisture from my fingers with the cloth I brought with me. The band had a special meeting planned after we contend the music for our churchs Thanksgiving Supper. We showed up to the church on a cold Saturday morning, making our way to the auditorium. We began to discuss the plans, ideas, or even the thoughts that we had for what we should do next. Dan, the first to talk whatever the occasion, said, I think we should work on writing our own songs. That idea was quickly reviewed and considered to be an option. I thought a little bit harder about what to do and suddenly it came to me. We should have a Christmas concert. We can all pick out our favorite Christmas songs and perform them. Now this was a first class idea. Now the band had an idea, we had the backbone for our future, but we were still missing our guitar player whose absence haunted us for the fourth week straight. We had to beget regardless of the scenario, and we began picking out songs, one by one. The most obvious ch...

Essay examples --

The word challenging behavior can evoke feelings of frustration, anger, hostility or sense of helplessness in any parent, teacher or caregiver of a young child with behavioral challenges. Education.com (2006 - 2012) defines this term as behavior that may impede with a childs office to learn, develop or play in a manner that is socially acceptable. They further define challenging behavior as behavior that could be potentially harmful to the child or others. This type of behavior in a young child, predisposes that child to social problems and academic failure (Klass, Guskin, and Thomas, 1995 Ritchie and Pohl, 1995). Marion (2011) defines challenging behavior as a stimulus that a child reacts poorly to, that in turn challenges the childs parents or teachers to guide them in a positive manner. menses research indicates that children who have significant challenging behavior will have problems in school. They have issues with social skills, aroused control and language developmen t. These insufficiencies contribute to the drop of skills to succeed in basic academic tasks such as reading (Coi, 1996). Traits that are often attributed to children who exhibit these traits are hyperactivity, inattentiveness and disruptive. Teachers are twice as likely to overlook them, ask them fewer questions and be low in positive responsiveness (Webster-Stratton & Herbert, 1994 Shonkoff and Phillips, 2000). Children with behavioral challenges face far greater difficulties with social and emotional development. Other children will tease and ridicule them, or reject them entirely. These experiences bruise a childs self-esteem and confidence, they are left feeling down(p) and isolated. Once a child accepts rejection, they fight or ... ...s, to difficulties in conflict resolution to academic success. Parents play a pivotal role in commandment their young children how to appropriately behave or react to a certain stimuli. Positive adult-child interactions such as respe ct, providing an environment that is not rushed, using calm tones and evaluate differences go a long way in changing or guiding a childs behavior (Marion, 2011). For some children how to react to a certain situation in a positive manner is innate. However, other children need to be taught the skills to productively and successfully navigate conflicts that might arise. This can be achieved through a Direct Model Plan, a PBIS or a Behavior Matrix (Carter & Pool, 2012) The goal of challenging behaviors is to prevent those behaviors from rising, by providing children with the skills to navigate successfully through difficult situations.

Human Rights :: Human Rights Essays

This is a 3 page paper that describes evaluates and recommends the charitable right candidate of application in real life.INTRODUCTIONAs laid down by the United Nations there are 30 articles pertaining to the definition of Human honorables. concord to these articles it contains gentlemans gentleman rights to be considered innocent until proven guilty, and the right of freedom from discrimination and the right of free and fair trial. RESPECT FOR FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTSGlobally speech the world has faced a lot of charitable discrimination collectively in the past year, and this human rights violation is still going on. All human beings, whatever their cultural or historical background, suffer when they are intimidated, imprisoned or tortured. The question of human rights is so fundamentally important that there should be no difference of views on this. We must therefore insist on a global consensus not only on the need to respect human rights world wide but more importantly on the definition of these rights.(1).The tragedy of September 11 is a major human rights violation, but it doesnt end here. The repercussions have lead into more human rights degrading. The supposedly guilty terrorists held in Guatemala Bay are a living proof of serious human rights violation. With treatment meted out like animals to them they are being kept in cages in open view all the time. Where is one wonders the U.N. rights article number 11- Right to be considered innocent until proven Guilty? It is also clearly sayd in the U.N. Charters of War and Crime that all arrests made in a state of war will be treated as Prisoners of War. And such prisoners have basic fundamental rights which are not being followed on these prisoners. To date there are innocent Saudis, Pakistani nationals and even French confined in these cages and whose governments are demanding their release. Since it is guarded severely in Cuba there are no exclusive pictures and footage to view for an audience ho wever snaps and eye-witness accounts of Red Cross workers and Human Rights groups is available. We need to think in global terms because the effects of one nations actions are matt-up far beyond its borders. The acceptance of universally binding standards of Human Rights as laid down in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in the internationalistic Covenants of Human Rights is essential in todays shrinking world. Respect for fundamental human rights should not remain an ideal to be achieved but a requisite nucleotide for every human society.